The search for alternative methods for treating and preventing bee dysbacteriosis is a priority for beekeeping as a branch of veterinary medicine. Lime honey, buckwheat honey, flower honey, forest honey, and acacia honey were tested to evaluate their antagonistic effect against a test culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae species. The study was conducted in several stages: 1. Determine the activity of honey microflora against a pure culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens; 2. The identification and isolation of Bacillus subtilis – bacteria-antagonists against Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens; 3. Determine the antagonistic effect of pure culture of Bacillus subtilis against a pure culture of enterobacteria of Klebsiella pneumoniae bee pathogens. The antagonistic action of honey microorganisms and the determination of the most effective honey species were established by the diffusion method in agar wells. Staining of typical colonies from different types of honey revealed bacillary colonies of Gram-positive bacilli with endospores. Isolation of clean culture was conducted by a method of Gold. The cultural, tinctorial, and morphological signs of bacteria have been consistently determined in all investigated kinds of honey and coincided with characteristics of the Bacellaceae family. Specific belonging of bacteria-competitors was identified by biochemical typing. After determining their physiological properties in reactions and tests (activity of catalase, oxidase, urease, the ability to grow at different temperatures and to ferment carbohydrate substrate), the distinguished stamms of microorganisms from the investigated kinds of honey belong to the type of Bacillus subtilis. The repeated estimation of antagonistic action of pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis (isolated from each type of honey) against a pure culture of enterobacteria of bees of Klebsiella pneumoniae species confirmed their high activity. This type of microorganisms can represent the alternative component in probiotics at the therapy of dysbiosis of bees.
The beekeeping industry provides not only honey but also other medicinal products for the human race. The health of bee colonies is supported by data on the prevalence of contagious bee diseases - monitoring investigations. At present, the system for providing such surveys is imperfect. There is a need not only to analyze diseases proposed by regional laboratories but also to diagnose other common diseases. To characterize the epizootic situation of contagious diseases of bees, we systematized and analyzed official data from the Departments of the State Consumer Service of Zhytomyr, Rivne, and Volyn regions. The article presents the data of the analysis of bee diseases investigated by regional laboratories in these regions. This study's materials were reports from regional laboratories of the State Consumer Service of Zhytomyr, Rivne, and Volyn regions. The data were statistically processed, and the results were analyzed by comparing the epizootic process development indicators. The data results indicate the prevalence of varroaatosis and nosema annually in all regions studied. In the Volyn region, there is a trend toward decreasing diagnostic tests for bee diseases compared to 2019. An annual increase in diagnostic tests has been registered in the Zhytomyr and Rivne regions of Ukraine. Occasionally, regional laboratories sometimes conduct unscheduled tests for other bacterial and viral diseases of bees. Based on planned surveys alone, it is difficult to describe the prevalence of infectious diseases in these insects. Therefore, early detection of the source of the infectious agent is advisable to ensure the well-being of bee farms. Thus a monitoring system for bee diseases of viral and bacterial origin would be promising, with the primary objective of obtaining organic bee products. Such approaches would provide a more precise and more realistic picture of the epizootic state of each region.
The article presents the data on prevalence and intensity of earthworms’ infection with metastrongylid larvae in pork production enterprises of Kyiv and Zhytomyr Regions of Ukraine. In the investigated areas, six species of lumbricids were collected and identifi ed: Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826), Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826), A. caliginosa (Savigny, 1826), Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny, 1826), Lumbricus rubellus (Linnaeus, 1758), L. terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758). Th e studies were carried out from April to September, 2016, both in pig farms and on pastures. We observed no pronounced changes in prevalence and intensity of infection during the warm period of the year. Th e highest infection rates were detected in earthworms living under the wooden floor of pigpens and in its cracks. In the studied localities, metastrongylid larvae were found in the most common worms of the Lumbricidae family: E. foetida, D. rubidus, A. caliginosa, and L. rubellus.
The article presents laboratory diagnostics (in vitro), namely, identification of pure culture of pathogenic bacteria of Klebsiella Pneumoniae species in case of enterobacteriosis in bees in winter-spring and summer-autumn times. The purpose of the study was the biochemical typification of bacteria of the species Klebsiella Pneumoniae with humane medicine methods, that isolated in the case of dysbacteriosis of bees which have a characteristic symptomatic complex of a decrease in the strength of bee families, which leads to a decrease in the resistance of the bee family, their diarrhea, crawling, and then swarming or death of bees. Contamination of beehive frames and walls of beehive by fecation leads to sharp deterioration of the apiary's veterinary and sanitary condition and significant economic damage for beekeepers. Pure culture of pathogenic bacteria served as an object for experiment. The Family of the bacteria was established earlier – Enterobacteriaceae, and was confirmed by “Zhytomyr Regional State Laboratory of the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection”. Laboratory diagnostics of dysbiosis in bees caused by enterobacteria was performed in such a sequence: 1. Sowing of pathological material taken from sick bees on selective nutrient media for enterobacteria and extraction of pure culture; 2. Microscopy of typical colonies; 3. Determination of bacteria genus; 4. Determination of bacteria motor activity: 5. Urease test; 6. Indole test; 7. Phenyalaalanine test; 8. Study of basic enzymatic properties of bacteria. In a series of laboratory biochemical studies of pure culture microorganisms isolated from mixed culture from diseased bees the isolated bacterial strain belongs to the Family Enterobacteriaceae, Genus Klebsiella, Species Klebsiella pneumoniae. The novelty of the application of the algorithm for determining the species of Klebsiella pneumoniae enterobacteriae allows to diagnose dysbacterioses in winter-spring and summer-autumn times clearly and economically. The isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria serve as experimental cultures for testing drugs of various directions and actions in laboratory conditions and are kept at the Department of Microbiology, Pharmacology and Epizootology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Polissya National University (formerly Zhytomyr National Agroecological University). Further application of complex diagnostics of enterobacteriosis of bees, including methods of biochemical typification, will allow to expand etiological factors of bee family collapse.
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