Резюме. В 2014-2015 гг. в полевом опыте с яблоней сорта Синап Орловский (1992 г. посадки) летние некорневые подкормки сульфатом калия, борной кислотой и хлористым кальцием оказали влияние на запасы калия и фосфора в побегах в зимне-весенний период. Влияние обработок зависело от нагрузки деревьев урожаем и сильнее проявилось после малоурожайного периода вегетации. В течение двух лет исследований значимое увеличение концентрации калия в побегах отмечено при обработках К 2 SО 4 , а существенное увеличение содержания фосфора наблюдалось при опрыскиваниях смесями К 2 SО 4 +СаСl 2 и Н 3 ВО 3 +СаСl 2. Влияние совместной обработки К 2 SО 4 +СаСl 2 на концентрацию калия в побегах зависело от метеоусловий периодов вегетации. После умеренно влажного периода вегетации отмечено снижение уровня калия, после периода вегетации с контрастными метеоусловиямиувеличение. Ключевые слова: яблоня, некорневые подкормки, калий, фосфор. Summary. In 2014-2015 in the fi eld experiment with apple variety Sinap Orlovsky planted in 1992, the summer foliar fertilization with potassium sulfate, boric acid and calcium chloride had an impact on the reserves of potassium and phosphorus in shoots during the winter-spring period. The impact of the treatments depended on the load of trees by crop and was more manifested after a low-yielding period of the vegetation. During two years the signifi cant increase of potassium content was observed in the shoots after the treatments by K 2 SO 4 , while a substantial increase in the phosphorus content was observed when spraying with K 2 SO 4 + CaCl 2 and H 3 BO 3 + CaCl 2 mixtures. The impact of the combined treatment with K 2 SO 4 +CaCl 2 on the potassium content depended on the weather conditions of vegetation periods. The shoots potassium content decreased after temperately wet vegetation period, while after summer period with contrast conditions (wet and dry) the same treatment with K 2 SO 4 +CaCl 2 had a contrary effect.
The research aimed to study seasonal dynamics of content of Nmin (ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen) in the soil of a young sour cherry orchard as aff ected by nitrogen fertilizers. The experiment was conducted with 4-years old sour cherry trees of the ‘Turgenevka’ variety during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The experimental orchard was situated at forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Orel region) with loamy Haplic Luvisol. The treatments included: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2. N30K40; 3. N60K80; 4. N90K120; 5. N120K160. Urea and potassium sulfate were used as fertilizers and were soil applied once a year at early spring. Soil samples were collected in soil layers from a depth of 0…20, 20…40 and 40…60 cm fi ve times during the growing seasons: in May, June, July, August and September. Without fertilizers, mineral nitrogen content varied within 3.1…31.7 mg/kg during both growing seasons. The fertilizer treatments resulted in essential rise of Nmin to 4.7…147.6 and 20.3…102.5 mg/kg in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons respectively. In both 2018 and 2019 the Nmin concentration in 0…60 cm soil layer was the highest in May…June, and decreased by 1.3-5 times in July…August. The fertilization by urea in N90 and N120 doses led to at essential increase of soil nitrogen content by 1.6-5 times compared with unfertilized soil in early summer. The movement of mineral nitrogen to the deeper soil layers was observed when applying of nitrogen fertilizers at the dose of N120. The greatest productivity of 4-years old ‘Turgenevka’ sour cherry trees was observed at N120K160 treatment (5.38 and 9.33 kg/tree in 2018 and 2019 respectively), but the increase in yield compared to the control was not statistically signifi cant.
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