The article is devoted to theoretical problems of social capital conversion in modern conditions based on modern ideas and taking into account the specifi cs of social capital formation in Ukraine in recent years as well as the latest achievements of social practices in European countries. The article is relevant due to the need to accelerate the processes of social capitalization and its conversion into open productive forms for social consensus, social development and economic growth. The novelty of the study lies in the formation of a system of views on the nature of social conversion, its contradictions, identifi ed on the basis of systematization of existing relationships and interdependencies in this area, as well as substantiation of models to minimize possible negative consequences for society. The positions of social capital in the structure of total capital, its connection with natural, physical, fi nancial and human capital are conceptually defi ned, and the leading role of open social capital in the formation of a democratic society is proved. The specifi cs of the conversion of social capital in comparison with other forms of capital are revealed. It is established that currently the contradiction between national and corporate social capital is gaining signs of stability. The basic principles and methods of conversion of social capital, adequate to the conditions of formation of a democratic society, are substantiated. Based on the assessment of real trends in socio-economic development and common social practices, three possible models of minimizing the contradictions that arise during the conversion of domestic social capital are proposed, each of which is subject to specifi c tasks and achieving certain development goals. The model of mobilization adaptation is based on the formation of new values in society, norms by public authorities using mostly ideological resources of infl uence on the basis of authority and trust in it by citizens. The model of modernization is focused on updating the statutory norms and rules through their approximation to real economic needs and social practices in accordance with the notion that any law is a normalized ingrained tradition. The model of compromise solutions involves achieving a balance between formal and informal norms in order to achieve a synergistic eff ect from the conversion of social capital.
Розгортання процесів децентралізації чинної системи управління в Україні обумовлює появу нових процесів і явищ у соціальному розвитку сільських поселенських структур унаслідок посилення субрегіонального рівня управління, кардинальних змін принципів організації життєдіяльності сільських спільнот та пошуку нових форм реалізації головних функцій місцевого самоврядування на локальному рівні, орієнтованих на самоорганізацію і саморозвиток громад. У складних суспільно-політичних та соціально-економічних умовах країна швидкими темпами здійснює реформу децентралізації зі значними економічними і соціальними ризиками, можливими негативними ефектами для сільських територіальних громад, які наразі не інформовані належним чином про сутність здійснюваних перетворень та по суті не готові до таких радикальних змін з різних об'єктивних та суб'єктивних причин. Унаслідок цього нерідко виникають соціальні конфлікти, які лише ускладнюють умови ведення сільського бізнесу чи погіршують умови життєдіяльності сільських мешканців у цілому. Виходячи з цього, у статті розглянуто можливі сценарії розвитку сільських поселень в умовах децентралізації управління, їх вплив на організацію життєдіяльності сільських громад, сформований потенціал до саморозвитку. Визначено інституційні пастки на шляху розвитку сільських поселень в умовах об'єднання сільських територіальних громад та здійснення процесів децентралізації управління.
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify current problems of strengthening the social capital of rural territorial communities in the context of administrative and territorial reform with the definition of directions for their solution. Methodology / approach. The paper uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis to collect, process, and systematize the results of scientific research; abstract-logical and critical analysis – to identify possible risks due to the implementation of administrative-territorial reform; statistical – for data collection and systematization; method of comparisons – to identify the compliance of the dynamics of various forms of social capital to the potential of communities; graphic – to visualize the results of the assessment of the new spatial configuration of socio-territorial communities and the dynamics of accumulation of various forms of social capital; correlation and regression analysis – to determine the impact of certain indicators of social capital development on the economy of rural communities; induction and deduction – to substantiate the main directions of social capital development of rural communities in modern conditions. Results. Restrictions on the development of social capital accumulation have been identified, which include: shadowing of interaction and low trust in social institutions, individualization of behavioral strategies, growth of economically inactive and socially vulnerable groups, and formation of networks of discriminatory relationships, spreading of norms of destructive social behavior, as well as the risks that may arise in the new spatial configuration of socio-territorial communities. It is established that the administrative-territorial reform at the local level has created certain preconditions for strengthening the potential of horizontally and vertically integrating social capital. It was found that the dynamics of territorial identification of the population of Ukraine in relation to their community is negative and indicates low social capital at the local level. The dynamics of forms of horizontally integrating social capital of rural communities, which are represented by agricultural cooperatives, farms, and inter-community cooperation, are analyzed and it is found that the potential of their development in Ukraine has not been realized yet. The necessity of implementation of systemic decisions on the development of social capital of communities to achieve the main goals of decentralization of management is proved. The main directions of the development of social capital of rural communities are substantiated taking into account modern features of their development. Originality / scientific novelty. The specifics of the formation of social capital of rural communities as small local communities are analyzed, taking into account the main determinants of influence, which include increasing territorial mobility and maintaining the asymmetry of spatial development in the direction of the center-periphery, the choice of adaptive behavioral strategies due to changes in the territorial identification of the population and the assessment of opportunities to achieve a certain level of well-being in the community. The main directions of social capital development as a prerequisite for uniting and mobilizing internal resources for rural development are substantiated based on existing problems and identified potential risks due to the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of government. Scientific and methodological bases of research on social capital at the local level under conditions of social and economic instability are improved. Practical value / implications. The results of the study will be useful for local governments of territorial communities formed as a result of local government reform and territorial organization of government, as well as district and regional state administrations, which focus on promoting inclusive community development and self-sufficiency.
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