Учредитель-федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Северный государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Основан в 1994 году Основным направлением деятельности журнала является публикация научных исследований, посвященных проблемам экологии человека и имеющих как фундаментальное, так и прикладное значение. В журнале публикуются оригинальные статьи, обзоры и краткие сообщения по всем аспектам экологии человека и общественного здоровья. Предназначен для публикации материалов кандидатских и докторских диссертаций.
Проведено обследование 401 проходчика/бурильщика (первая группа) и 691 слесаря-ремонтника (вторая группа) подземных рудников в Кольском Заполярье. Установлено, что в структуре заболеваемости горняков первой группы, по сравнению со второй, была больше доля болезней костно-мышечной (51,9% и 31,1%, p<0,001) и нервной (8,2% и 3,3%, p<0,001) систем. В расчете на 100 работников распространенность болезней костно-мышечной системы была выше в 2,55 раза (189,8 и 74,4 случая), а нервной системы-в 3,74 раза (29,9 и 8,0 случаев). Меньшую значимость в группе проходчиков/бурильщиков имели болезни органов дыхания (8,9% и 11,4%, p<0,02), кровообращения (5,7% и 13,0%, p<0,001), пищеварения (5,3% и 7,6%, p<0,01), глаза (9,7% и 18,2%, p<0,001) и эндокринной системы (2,7% и 5,5%, p<0,001). Риск развития всех видов нарушений здоровья у проходчиков/бурильщиков был выше, чем у слесарей (ОР=1,11; ДИ 1,07-1,15), в том числе болезней костно-мышечной (ОР=1,82; ДИ 1,42-2,32) и нервной (ОР=2,80; ДИ 1,26-6,21) систем, он возникает, начиная со стажа 6-10 лет. Сделан вывод о необходимости дальнейшего улучшения условий труда и проведения оздоровительных мероприятий с первых лет профессиональной карьеры горняков, особенно тех, что заняты на буровых и проходческих работах.
Overweight and obesity are the most common health disorders, closely related to the development of the lifestyle diseases. We studied the results of an in-depth survey of 1,220 employees of electrolysis and carbonyl nickel production. In addition to the clinical and functional examination, possible production and non-production causes of excessive development of adipose tissue in the form of overweight and obesity were analyzed. Obesity was detected in 18.3 % and overweight in 41.9 % of the examined individuals. We established that the development of obesity is influenced by the age and sex of employee, duration of work experience, the severity of work and low physical activity during free time.The risk of obesity is first increased at the age of 30–34 years (RR = 3.02; CI 0.95–9.64), and the formation of overweight is at the age of 45–49 years (RR = 1.67; CI 1,13-2.48). Obesity enhances the risk of circulatory (RR = 2.83; CI 2.16–3.71), the endocrine (RR = 3.23; CI 1.99–5.24), digestive (RR = 2,08; CI 1.47–2.94) and musculoskeletal (RR = 1.53; CI 1.33–1.77) diseases. No clinical significance of overweight has been identified. A comprehensive prevention of obesity, including correction of the diet and an adequate level of physical activity, is needed to reduce the risk of developing health problems among metallurgical workers of the Arctic.
Introduction. It is known that in industrial workers, working conditions and climatic features of the Arctic create an increased risk of occupational diseases. Th e purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of working conditions on the structure and prevalence of occupational pathology among the working population of the gas and oil producing region in the Arctic.The aim of the study is to explore working conditions, the structure and prevalence of PP in the working population of the gas-oil-producing region in the Arctic.Materials and methods. The data of social and hygienic monitoring in the section “Working conditions and occupational morbidity” of the population of the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts from 2007 to 2017 were studied.Results. It was found that employees in the Arctic gas and oil producing region were most frequently exposed to noise (24.0%), poor microclimate parameters (10.1%), non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and radiation (9.7%). Th e combined effect of several factors was found in 24.8% of workers. Th ere were 285 patients with newly diagnosed OD, 67.0% of whom were air transport workers, and 14.4% were employed in the gas and oil industry. Th e structure of the occupational pathology was dominated by sensorineural hearing loss (77.9%). In 2017, the regional level of occupational morbidity exceeded the national level by 1.7 times, among air transport workers — by 1.9 times, while among employees of gas and oil producing enterprises it was 5.3 times less than the national industry indicator. Th e risk of OD development among air transport workers was higher than in the region as a whole (RR = 45,88; CI 38,3–54,9), in oil and gas companies workers (RR=141,0; CI 100,8–197,2) and in workers of all types of transport, except air transport (RR =68,3; CI 39,8–117,4).Conclusion. In the Arctic gas and oil producing region, most often occupational pathology is recorded among air transport workers, which necessitates the use of a comprehensive program for its prevention. It is necessary to explain the low levels of occupational morbidity in the gas and oil production and other economic activities in the region.
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