This article aims to examine the newspaper «Ovruchski Visti», published in Ovruch between August and October 1943, as part of the Nazi information space during World War II. The research methodology is based on general scientific and special historical methods, integrating the fundamental principles of historical knowledge: historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. The principles of historicism and scientificity have been used to recreate the history of the newspaper «Ovruchski Visti» in all its complexity and diversity in connection to the events of the time. The principle of objectivity has assisted in considering the outlined issues, taking into account objective historical regularities with a critical analysis of the available literature and source base. The principle of systematicity has enabled the reconstruction of a holistic picture of the history of the newspaper «Ovruchski Visti» as part of the Nazi information space in the occupied territory of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the research consists in its comprehensive account of the history of the newspaper «Ovruchski Visti» in the context of the Nazi information space from August to October 1943, which was first carried out on a broad source base. The authors have come to the following conclusions. The occupation authorities initiated the publication of the newspaper «Ovruchski Visti» to strengthen anti-Soviet propaganda and influence the communist resistance movement and its supporters. The newspaper «Ovruchski Visti» mostly included German materials, with minimal publications on issues of all-Ukrainian and local life. The approach used to the thematic content of the newspaper met the general requirements for Ukrainian-language newspapers set forth by the Reichskommissariat «Ukraine». This also applied to the main propaganda topics in Ukrainian-language periodicals. The newspaper «Ovruchski Visti» disseminated anti-Soviet propaganda; anti-Jewish propaganda; and propaganda aimed at supporting the occupation policy and directives from the occupation administration.
This paper aims to consider the Nazi policy of internal workforces mass relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine» in 1942. The methodology of the study incorporates general scientific and special historical methods alongside with the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. The principles of historicism and scientificity have contributed to the complex representation of the history of the workforces relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat "Ukraine" in all its complexity and variety, in interconnection and interrelation with the events of that period. The principle of objectivity has facilitated the analysis of the discussed issue considering the objective historical regularities based on a comprehensive analysis of the existing specialized literature and sources. The principle of systematicity has allowed to obtain a holistic picture of the Nazi policy of the workforces mass relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine». The scientific novelty of the paper is conditioned by the fact that it is the first research discussing the Nazi policy of internal workforces mass relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine» for using them in agriculture in 1942 on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. As the result, the authors conclude that the workforces mass relocation to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine» in 1942 was initiated by the Nazi policy. They were used in agriculture there. Meanwhile, the occupational government began excessively sending the local people to work in Germany since spring 1942, which, in fact, jeopardized the campaign to relocate workforces to the south. As a result, the recruitment geography and their social composition were expanded. Consequently, the Nazi policy of sending the local people to the south of the Reich Commissariat «Ukraine» in 1942 was not fully implemented. And this, in its turn, led to the total existing workforces exploitation.
In the article, the activity of the Ukrainian autonomous movement with the aim of propaganda of historical memory among the population of Zhytomyr-Vinnytsia region (on the territories that during the Second World War were included into Zhytomyr district) in the second half of 1941 is analyzed. It is determined that in the historiography this issue wasn’t the subject of special interest. The propaganda of historical memory, which was conducted by the representatives of the autonomous movement, was an important condition for the national self-identification of the Ukrainian people, the awakening of their desire to fight for their own statehood in confrontation both with the USSR and with Germany. The main means of propaganda of historical memory were the popularization of the history of Ukraine through the activity of voluntary cultural-educational and sports organizations (Prosvita, Sich, the Union of Ukrainian Nationalist Students); thematic publishing projects («Small History of Ukraine» by I. Krypyakevych); publications on historical topics in the official periodicals, which at that time were under the control of the autonomous movement. It was important to introduce the course of Ukrainian history in educational programs of different types of educational institutions of Zhytomyr-Vinnytsia region, primarily in elementary and secondary schools. With the aim of propaganda of historical memory, representatives of the autonomous movement initiated honoring the historic events of the Ukrainian state creation, including those associated with the anti-Bolshevik struggle of the early 1920’s, as well as the renaming of streets that reminded of Soviet realities. In the second half of 1941 the theater became an institutional form of the revival of national memory and national culture on the occupied territory. The Nazis’ terror against the autonomous movement reduced the possibility of spreading the historical memory among the population of Zhytomyr-Vinnytsia region at the end of 1941.
This paper aims to consider the newspaper “Voice of Volyn”, published in Zhytomyr in 1941-1943, as part of the German information space during the Second World War. The methodology of the study incorporates general scientific and special historical methods alongside with the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. The principles of historicism and scientificity have contributed to the complex representation of the history of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” in interconnection and interrelation with the events of that period. The principle of objectivity has facilitated the analysis of the discussed issue considering the objective historical regularities based on a comprehensive analysis of the existing specialized literature and sources. The principle of systematicity has allowed to obtain a holistic picture of the Zhytomyr newspaper “Voice of Volyn" as a component of the German information space on the occupied territory of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the paper is conditioned by the fact that it is the first research discussing the history of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” in the context of the German information space in 1941-1943 on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. The author concludes that the activities of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” can be divided into two periods: from October to the second half of November 1941, and from the second half of November 1941 until the end of the Nazi occupation. At the first stage, under the German military administration, the newspaper was controlled by the representatives of the independence movement, who exploited the newspaper to promote their own ideas. In the second stage, after the establishment of the German civil authorities, the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” was deprived of the independence movement’s influence and turned into an important information and propaganda press organ of the occupation authorities. The newspaper “Voice of Volyn” represented three directions of German propaganda: anti-Soviet propaganda; anti-Jewish propaganda; and propaganda aimed at supporting the occupation economic activities.
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