Migration issues take leading positions in political, media and academic discourse. Most current residents of different countries, regions and cities face the direct and indirect consequences of population migration on a daily basis even it is not their own migration. The issue of adaptation and integration of migrants occupies one of the significant roles among migration issues. The article presents an analysis of scientific approaches to the essence and content of the concept of “migration behavior”, “social integration” and “social adaptation”, of the data of sociological studies among foreign migrants conducted in the border regions of Russia with different ethnic composition (n = 449). Models of factors of social integration and non-integration of migrants are obtained on the basis of regression analysis.
The questions of interethnic integration hold the key role in modern research. It particularly pertains to border regions, which are the center of continuous migration flow. Constant change of ethnic and cultural structure of the society requires taking measures on for minimization of negative manifestation of interethnic relations, as well as measures on the development of integration processes in the society. The subject of this research is the specificities of interethnic integration in Russia’s border region in the period of intense migration processes. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities of interethnic relations in Altai Krai, specifics of interethnic integration in border region from the perspective of exclusion/acceptance of foreign migrants by the locals. The results of surveys conducted in 2015 and 2019 by Altai State University in the Altai Krai (n=1753) are presented. Application of frequency and factor analysis allowed identifying positive and negative practices of interethnic integration, factors of exclusion and inclusion of foreign migrants, as well as comparing interethnic relations in the region. The scientific novelty of this work lies in description of the specifics of interethnic integration in border region through the prism of exclusion/acceptance of foreign migrants by the local community.
The relevance of the study is grounded by the need that ensuring social security of young people is the most important tool in solving many problems of this age group, who, at present, can become a key factor for our country and the basis for successful socio-economic development. The aim of this work is to study the assessments of social and personal security by the young people living in the Volgograd region. The empirical base is the data of a sociological study conducted by the research team of Altai State University in 2019. According to the results of the study, the youth of the Volgograd region is concerned about ensuring economic security (the level of material well-being of the population), problems of their own self-realization and prospects, corruption and arbitrariness of the authorities. In this regard, the respondents expressed in their views the need to take measures, ensuring the social security of the population of this region, and among them - to improve the living standards of the region's population, to combat unemployment, and to improve the work of law enforcement agencies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the social security of youth in the context of the socio-economic development of the region of residence. The practical value of the study lies in the presentation of relevant assessments of the social security of young people in the region, that will allow the state and other security agents to take measures to improve the situation in the region.
The issues of adaptation and integration of migrants are one of the main directions of the sociology of migration. The success of a migrant's adaptation depends not only on himself, but also on the local community. Each of them faces the consequences and difficulties of migration to varying degrees. And the actions of each of the parties determine the success of migration processes. The article examines the issue of the adaptive potential of the host community through the study of migrant images in the perception of the population of the border region. The paper presents the results of a psychosemantic experiment conducted in the Altai Territory in 2020-2021 (n = 85). The average age of the respondents is 31.4 years. The image of a migrant in the perceptions of the population is explored through the role positions "migrant", "migrant from the CIS countries", "labor migrant". As scales, 28 pairs of categories were used, describing persons with different social activity. Based on the analysis of average values and factor analysis, the semantic spaces for assessing the mental representations of the "image of a migrant", "the image of a migrant from the CIS countries", "the image of a labor migrant" were built. There is a negative perception of the images of “migrant” and “migrant from the CIS countries”. They are characterized by such categories as "hardy", "alien", "distant", "impatient", "cunning", "arouses hostility", "warlike". A labor migrant is defined by the population as honest, responsible, hardworking, religious, sociable, easy-going and ready to help. The image of a “labor migrant” inspires more confidence in the population and is perceived more positively than the images of a “migrant” and “a migrant from the CIS countries”.
The relevance of the research proposed in the article is determined by the fact that one of the essential components of social security is the demographic situation in the country, the state and level of management of which determines demographic security. The purpose of the article is to describe the social mechanisms of deterioration of the socio-demographic indicators of the Altai Territory in the context of the functioning of the institutional security system of the region. The analysis of the features of the interdependence of demographic and social indicators of the population in the modern regional Russian society is presented on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach (demography, sociology, psychology); a multi-paradigm approach based on the synthesis of social theories of risk and security, well-being, self-preservation reserve of the population, reflecting the specifics of modern social reality. The concept of integrative social vulnerability is used, which is the basis for assessing and predicting the process of depopulation of the population at the national and regional levels and can be applied in the field of optimizing social state control of the security policy system. Conclusions are drawn that the social mechanism of the crisis functioning of the region is based on the interdependence of demographic and social processes; objective globalization trends and regional specifics of a typical Russian border region. An integrative study of the summation of economic, institutional, social, behavioral characteristics, typical self-preservation / self-destructive practices of the population of the region, allowed us to identify current trends and develop ways to optimize them.
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