To organize an efficient transport structure, modern road telecommunication systems provide information collection about the vehicle connected to the system and analyze it. The modern car in such a system is considered to be connected. Such information systems can collect information about the vehicle. This information includes its driving parameters, location, and the parameters of the vehicle systems state. After processing and analyzing this information, it is possible to form recommendations and control actions. These recommendations are used by the driver or an automated vehicle control system. This article describes the general principle of the operation of modern transport telecommunication systems. The car-to-car type of interaction protocols are highlighted in this system. Wireless communication technologies that allow this interaction to be implemented are described. One of the principles was developed, according to which the system can determine the optimal use of the vehicle resource and the aggressiveness of the driving style of a freight vehicle on the basis of an automated algorithm for issuing recommendations for driver actions. This principle is considered as exemplified by a series of load characteristics of a diesel engine. The principle of choosing the optimal series of recommendations to a group of drivers to optimize the movement of traffic through the car-tocar interaction has been formulated.
The article considers the method of vibration diagnostics of onboard electronic devices based on the analysis of resonant frequencies. An algorithm for diagnosing mechanical defects of the studied blocks and nodes is presented. The structure of the complex of software tools for diagnostics automation and the results of testing the proposed method are presented. The main goal of the research is to improve the accuracy of identification of design defects of on-Board electronic devices. The transition from the analysis of the frequency response to the resonant frequencies that characterize the physical and mechanical parameters of the structure is due to greater stability and lower measurement error of this characteristic. To achieve this goal, a diagnostic model of the method has been developed that allows taking into account the spread of parameters of the electronic tool, both for the serviceable state and for the state with a defect. To estimate the permissible deviations of resonant frequencies from the nominal values, statistical simulation was performed using the Monte Carlo method. It was also possible to increase the reliability of the results of the physical experiment by determining the best position of the accelerometer in terms of the response received. The article provides a structure and description of the algorithm for searching for it. The results of approbation of the considered method on the example of the printed node of the voltage divider of the control unit of the aircraft are presented. In CAD SolidWorks, the serviceable state of the test node was modeled, for which four resonant frequencies were determined, and the state with a defect in the form of a detachment of the attachment. Analysis of the results showed a shift of three values of resonant frequencies relative to the correct state. The conducted series of 10 tests revealed the defect in all 10 cases (with the permissible error of the research result). This indicates a high degree of reliability of the data obtained, the adequacy of the diagnostic model of the method and the correctness of the applied algorithms.
The problem of measuring the temperatures of the radio-electrical components of printed circuits is investigated. A temperature measuring sensor (thermocouple) and possible errors are considered. A systematic error compensation method is proposed to ensure the necessary accuracy of measurements made with the temperature sensor.Temperature is one of the main destabilizing factors acting on radio-electronic apparatus both in the on and off states. Radio-electronic apparatus usually consists of units containing several printed circuits. In turn, each printed circuit contains tens or hundreds of electrical or radio components -resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, integrated microcircuits etc. Any component has a working temperature range, determined under technical conditions. If the temperature modes of operation are not satisfi ed, there will be a deterioration in the characteristics, and the electrical and radio components themselves, and even the whole apparatus, may break down.To guarantee the correct temperature modes of operation of radio-electronic apparatus, designers use computer-aided design (CAD) systems to model the processes occurring in the apparatus, taking into account thermal and mechanical actions. Several software packages are available in the market. A fragment of this kind of CAD system available in the Russian market is the ASONIKA system. This system was developed and tested by staff at the ASONIKA Research Institute and at the Department of Radioelectronics and Telecommunications at the Higher School of Economics (NIU VShE). Examples of its use are described in [1,2].At the stage when radio-electronic apparatus is being tested, the problem arises of measuring the temperatures of radio-electrical components by contactless and contact methods. Instruments which enable contactless measurements of temperature to be carried out are pyrometers and thermal imaging devices, which are particularly effective and provide a complete temperature map of the printed circuit system for the whole unit in a clear form on a colored display. Some models enable the results obtained to be stored in external memories for transfer and a detailed investigation on a personal computer.However, the use of the above instruments does not enable the temperature of radio-electrical components, situated inside the unit, to be measured. In such cases it is better to use a contact method of measurement, for example, using a thermocouple [3,4]. A thermocouple has a number of drawbacks: the need to make an accurate measurement of the temperature of the free end and to compensate for it, the occurrence of corrosion and chemical processes in the metals or alloys, and, in
Coil inductance and capacitor capacitance depend on overall dimensions, structure, and ambient factors. They do not vary with frequency. Reactive component impedance is determined by inductance or capacitance respectively, if active resistance is not considered. This is true for the frequencies which are significantly lower than the self-resonant frequency of the component. Parasitic parameters contribution increases on approaching the self-resonant frequency. Therefore, the componentʼs actual inductance and actual capacitance on operating frequency are defined. They are provided by manufacturers and differ from the nominal values.The actual values provide more accurate impedance of components near the considered frequency. Significant deviation from the considered frequency can cause impedance mismatch even more than the nominal values can provide. Frequency response of the high-frequency circuits such as analog filters and impedance match networks are determined by components impedance, not the nominal values. Thus, calculated values must be close to the actual values. The purpose of this article is to justify actual values application instead of nominal values.Индуктивность катушек и емкость конденсаторов представляются физическими величинами, зависящими от геометрических размеров, конфигурации компонентов, параметров окружающей среды, причем эти величины не зависят от частоты протекающего через них переменного тока. Полное сопротивление реактивных компонентов, без учета активной составляющей, определяется их индуктивностью или емкостью, соответственно. Такое утверждение справедливо для частот, значительно более низких по сравнению с собственной резонансной частотой компонента, ближе к которой всё больший вклад вносят паразитные параметры. Поэтому вводятся понятия эффективной индуктивности и эффективной емкости, значения которых отличаются от номинальных и зависят от частоты. Данные величины предоставляются производителями компонентов. Эффективные индуктивность и емкость дают более точное значение полного сопротивления в окрестности рассматриваемой частоты. Если имеет место существенное отклонение частоты от рассматриваемой, ошибка может оказаться даже больше, чем при использовании номинальных значений. При проектировании высокочастотных цепей, таких, как аналоговые фильтры и согласующие цепи, частотную характеристику определяют импедансы компонентов, а не их номинальные значения. Таким образом, расчетные значения должны быть близки именно к эффективным номиналам. Целью данной статьи является обоснование случаев необходимости применения эффективных значений реактивных компонентов взамен номинальных.Ключевые слова: катушка индуктивности, индуктивность, конденсатор, керамический конденсатор, емкость, полное сопротивление, реактивное сопротивление.
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