Objective: to assess clinical and morphological characteristics and occurrence of micronuclei of mucocytes of the integumentary and epithelium of the gastric mucosa in residents of areas affected by Chernobyl nuclear accident taking into account Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and nutritional factors. Methods: a retrospective study was conducted using a micronuclear test in integumentary-pit epithelium to study cytogenetic effects of small doses of ionizing radiation. Results. Mucocytes with micronuclei were predominantly observed in persons permanently residing in radiation contaminated areas since 1986. The occurrence of micronucleation was not statistically associated with Hp infection. No associations were found for the total alpha and beta activity of biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa and the density of contamination of the territory at 90Sr and 137Cs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gastrointestinal pathology in residents of the territories affected by Chernobyl accident seems to have multifactorial origin related not only to the nuclear accident in Chernobyl.
The aim of the study was to study and evaluate the clinical and morphological characteristics of the pathology of the gastroduodenal zone of the digestive tract in the population of the radioactively contaminated areas in the immediate and remote observation periods after the Chernobyl accident. Methods: esophagogastroduodenoscopy, cytological examination of gastrobioptate, micronucleus test, dosimetric evaluation of gastrobioptates. To solve the problems of the interrelation of the accident factors at the Chernobyl and the state of the mucous membrane of the upper digestive tract, a medical statistical evaluation of the frequency dependence of the pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract and environmental factors of the accident in the near and distant period was carried out. Results: it has been established that the main morphological types describing the state of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in the examinees are: erosive, edematic, fibrotic changes on the background of Hp infection, as well as the development of inflammatory cell infiltration. The frequency of occurrence of micronuclei in mucosal mucosa does not depend on the frequency of infection of Helicobacter pylori, as well as the total alpha and beta activity of biopsy specimens of the gastric mucosa, the density of contamination of the territory at90Sr and137Cs. The relationship between the frequency of gastroduodenal pathology and the levels of contamination of the territory of permanent residence by90Sr and137Cs, as well as statistical regularities of the evaluation of the total alpha and beta activity of gastrobioptates in residents of the radiation contaminated areas for a long period of observation are not statistically significant. Conclusions: the nature and clinical picture of the pathology of the upper digestive tract, the dynamics of the pathological process from inflammatory-dystrophic to atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa, the absence of a connection between this pathology and the indicators of ecological problems according to the isotope composition of the territories, I testify that the reason for the above-mentioned regularities may be the effect complex of factors of the Chernobyl accident.
The research of degree of incidence of genomic changes (of micronuclei) in mucous cells of gastric superficial-foveolar epithelium in contaminated and not contaminated mucous of stomach was made. Histopathological research of micronuclei and helicobacter was made in gastric biopsy specimen of patients with diagnosis-chronical gastritis (ICD-10K29.3) in group of patients who lived in radiation contaminated areas and in groups of people, who had no factors of radiation influence in anamnesis. People, who lived in the radiation contaminated areas, whose mucous was infected by Helicobacter pylori, had the highest frequency of mucous cells with micronuclei. In the group of patients from radiation contaminated areas with HP-associated gastritis frequency of appearance of mucous cells with micronucleus in the mucous of stomach have five time more, than patients, whose mucous of stomach was not infected (p < 0.001). Therefore, we can suggest, that Helicobacter pylori can success in mutagenic effect of radiation factor.
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