Article contains theoretical and practical technical sentences on creation of an optoelectronic complex of monitoring of emergency discharge of pollution in sewage of the enterprises.The relevance of the task of monitoring of sewage on existence of emergency clots in sewage for saving water sources is shown. The structural scheme of a complex of monitoring of the water environment is provided. The mathematical model of a complex of optoelectronic monitoring over the water environment on the example of sewage of the enterprise is considered. The complex of monitoring is described by the random impulse transition function containing two independent components, one of which defines dynamic properties, another considers stochasticity of conversion.The example of implementation of an optoelectronic complex of monitoring of the water environment in the system of sewage of the enterprise is given. Experimentally the efficiency of a complex in case of measurement of changes of optical density of the analysable environments is shown. For carrying out an experiment water pollution is selected by vegetable oil. The analysis of absorption spectra of water and vegetable oil showed that as a source of radiation it is expedient to use lasers with lengths of waves in the range of 0,4–0,5 μm which have the minimum absorption of radiation in the water environment and the considerable absorption in the environment of impurity, for example, the violet STLL-MM-405-200-52-A laser with wavelength of 0,405 μm and 200 mW. As the photo-sensor element, it is possible to use, for example, the PDV-V400-46 photodiode.Results of an experiment of a research of optical density of the liquid environment containing clots from vegetable oil are given. They show the functional connection of pollution of sewage with change of optical density of the water environment with certain lengths of waves of a probing laser radiation.
The way for solving the task of enterprises sewage treatment from emergency discharge of antibiotics is offered. Emergency discharge of antibiotics into sewage can arise at enterprises of chemical-pharmaceutical and processing industry. Emergency discharge happens in a short period that gives the chance for its detection and utilization into a settler. Standards for emergency discharges have been presented. The main form for detection of antibiotics in water, their kind and concentration identification is analysis of flowing sewage. This analysis includes two elements: obtaining information on the actual existence of antibiotics (their qualitative and quantitative characteristics), and comparison of obtained information with available indicators for the purpose of definition of their compliance. The control procedure includes operations of measurement and identification. Determination of numerical values for indicators of quantitative characteristics is based on information obtained when using technical means of measurements. For the task solution have been considered characteristics of various methods for detection of antibiotics in sewage. Classification of methods according to quantitative and qualitative indicators of sewage on antibiotics existence has been carried out. Have been allocated methods providing the real time control, among which a specific place is occupied by optical-electronic control methods with use of laser radiation. For implementation of real spectroscopy it is offered to use laser radiation with radiation wavelength corresponding to antibiotic range extremes. In such a case, a spectral characteristic of an antibiotic, which can appear in emergency discharge of enterprise’s sewer, is a priori known. For verification of this technical offer an experiment was set up, which had showed a possibility to use a direct method of spectroscopy — translucency on laser radiation’s chosen wavelength for definition of emergency discharge of antibiotic into enterprise’s sewage.
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