Снижение энергоемкости-важное условие при обработке почвы и выборе рабочих органов, в частности дисковых, которые устанавливаются на плугах, дисковых боронах, дискаторах, лущильниках, комбинированных агрегатах. Предположили, что трансформация внешней режущей кромки сегмента вырезного диска в сторону его вогнутой поверхности снизит энергоемкость взаимодействия. Использовали навесную лабораторную установку, на которой можно монтировать стрельчатые и долотообразные лапы, плужные корпуса, дисковые рабочие органы. Предусмотрена возможность изменения угла атаки и глубины хода с помощью опорных колес. Сегменты трех вырезных дисков диаметром 560 мм в нагретом состоянии были подвергнуты пластическому деформированию. Внешнюю режущую кромку сегмента отгибали с помощью шаблона и контролировали измерительным инструментом. Условия проведения испытаний: фон-стерня зерновых, гранулометрический состав-суглинок, абсолютная влажность-24,47 процента, твердость-2,44 МПа. Установили, что горизонтальная составляющая тягового сопротивления вырезных дисков с трансформированной на 1, 2 и 3 градуса внешней режущей кромкой меньше
No abstract
A three-section tillage unit has been developed that allows several operations to be performed in one pass: slotting to a depth twice as deep as cultivation, cultivation, crushing the soil and harrowing. At the same time, the grip width of the chopper and harrow of the first and third sections is equal to the width of three cultivating points, and the second base section is five, the operation of the unit with the proposed arrangement of working units improves the quality of the soil treatment. The design of a universal cultivating point of a new sample is presented, containing a chisel located in the bow and slotting machines in the form of two disks with teeth. Using the proposed universal cultivator point of a new sample provides improved soil cultivation by achieving more stable cultivator progress, increasing the unhindered access of irrigation water to the underlying layers of the root zone of plants, improving the water-air regime of the soil environment, increasing the operational reliability of the slotting machine and reducing the consumption of fuels and lubricants to 15 % A promising direction in the development of combined units with removable working units is the creation of combined working units for both sowing seeds, applying mineral fertilizers and herbicides, with the aim of conducting direct sowing of row crops in both dotted and combined ways. The combination of tillage operations with the placement of several working units on one rack allows you to reduce the number of frames in the unit while reducing the metal consumption of the structure by 10 ... 15%, which leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of the tillage unit.
The authors showed that a further productivity increase and an improvement in the tillage quality require the use of automated control systems for the tillage units operation. (Research purpose) To make a structural components analysis of a complex of tillage units automated control. (Materials and methods) The authors used scientific and technical information and patent literature. They made a structural components analysis of an automated control system of the tillage units operation.(Results and discussion) The authors showed that the system for assessing the technical condition of a tillage can use a vision system and tensometric equipment. The adaptive functional configuration system involves the use of a system for scanning the subsoil layer, technical vision, and tensometric equipment. One of the most important aspects of the stability of the technological process is the development of conditions for the formation of a self-fulfilling traction line. (Conclusions) Tensometric equipment, a vision system, and ultrasound scanning can be used as systems included in the automated control complexes of the tillage units operation. The functioning of these systems should be based on the operation of a neural network, linking the soil cultivation quality indicators and the implement kinematic parameters in a joint complex.
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