Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke. Carotid revascularisation procedures are an effective method of primary and secondary stroke prevention. However, patients developed postoperative acute ischaemic lesions (AILs), which were identified via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brains. Most of the patients with these AILs lack clinically overt symptoms. Aims: To assess the risk of ischaemic brain damage in patients with T2DM in the setting of carotid angioplasty with stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CAE). Materials and methods: This open prospective study comprised of 164 patients with carotid atherosclerosis, who have undergone either CAS or CAE. Patients with T2DM were included in Group 1: 38 patients and 28 patients with CAE. Group 2 included patients without T2DM: 62 patients with CAS and 36 patients with CAE. All patients underwent a thorough neurological examination and diffusion-weighted brain MRI. In patients with T2DM, plasma glucose levels and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined and their relationships to brain damage were evaluated. Results: In CAS, there were no statistically significant differences in the AIL frequency in patients with and without T2DM. AILs were found in 15 patients with T2DM (39.8%) and 29 patients without T2DM (46.8%, р = 0.24); three patients without T2DM were diagnosed with stroke. Of the 28 patients with T2DM who underwent CAE, 13 had AIL (46.4%); three had stroke (10.7%). In patients without T2DM, AILs were less prevalent in seven cases (19.4%, р = 0.012) and appeared asymptomatic. Following CAS, the baseline HbA1c levels were higher in patients with T2DM who developed AILs compared to those who did not develop AIL, 7.8% 1.4% vs 7.1 1.1% (р = 0.0469). Negative impact of hyperglycaemia on the risk of cerebral ischaemia was observed in patients who underwent CAE, the baseline fasting plasma glucose level was 8.5 1.9 mmol/l vs 7.0 1.5 mmol/l in patients without AIL (р = 0.014). The baseline HbA1c levels in patients with and without AILs were 8.0% 1.7% and 6.9% 0.9% respectively (р = 0.023). Conclusions: Carotid revascularisation procedure for patients with carotid atherosclerosis may be associated with risk of stroke and asymptomatic acute cerebral ischaemic lesions, which are more prevalent in patients with T2DM. Also, increased HbA1c levels is a risk factor for AIL.
Significant difference between groups was only found for incidence of neuropathy of the cranial nerves. It was established that cardiac comorbidities are risk factors for adverse events after carotid endarterectomy. Stable (homogeneous) atherosclerotic plaque with clear contour and no ulceration is optimal for carotid stenting.
Carotid artery stenosis is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Surgical treatment is often used to improve cerebral perfusion and prevent the development of cerebrovascular pathology and related cognitive impairment. The aim of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the cognitive functions (CF) of patients after surgery (open or endovascular intervention) on the internal carotid artery. The study included 90 patients (mean age 62 years, 71% of men) with atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid arteries. The CF was evaluated at four time points (before the intervention, 3, 6, and 9 months after) using cognitive scales and measuring cognitive evoked potentials. The state of the brain substance before and after the intervention was evaluated by the results of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). Three and six months after the operation, the patients demonstrated minor and varied CF alterations by the MMSE scale, but by the end of the observation period (9 months) the participants had their CF at the level close to that registered before the operation (p = 0.43). Thus, the intervention-associated changes in CF, regardless of the surgical approach, were primarily transient in nature. The rare cases of CF deterioration, as registered by the postoperative DW-MRI scans, were linked to the acute brain ischemia, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, and a perioperative stroke (1 case). Advanced age and altered cerebral arteries may be listed as the risk factors for the probable CF deterioration. Evaluation of the connections between CF alterations and multiple cases of intraoperative cerebral vascular embolism requires a longer observation period.Атеросклероз сонных артерий является фактором риска ишемического инсульта. Для улучшения мозговой перфузии и предотвращения развития цереброваскулярной патологии и связанных с ней когнитивных нарушений нередко используют хирургическое лечение. Целью данного проспективного поискового исследования было оценить когнитивные функции (КФ) пациентов после операции (открытого или эндоваскулярного вмешательства) на внутренней сонной артерии. В исследование было включено 90 пациентов (средний возраст -62 года, 71% мужчин) с атеросклеротическим поражением сонных артерий. КФ оценивали в четырех временных точках (до вмешательства, через 3, 6 и 9 месяцев после него) с использованием когнитивных шкал и измерением когнитивных вызванных потенциалов. Состояние вещества головного мозга до и после вмешательства оценивали по результатам диффузионно-взвешенной магнитно-резонансной томографии (ДВ-МРТ). Через 3 и 6 месяцев после операции у пациентов наблюдали небольшие разнонаправленные изменения КФ (по шкале MMSE), но к концу срока наблюдения (9 месяцам) распределение оценок КФ у пациентов приблизилось к дооперационному (р = 0,43). Таким образом, ассоциированные с вмешательством (независимо от его вида) изменения КФ носили преимущественно транзиторный характер. Единичные случаи ухудшения (по данным ДВ-МРТ после операции) КФ были ассоциированы с острыми очагами ишемии (как симптомными,...
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