The chemical composition of the Soranovskii Miscanthus variety harvested in 2011 and 2012 was separately determined in the whole plant, leaves, and stem. In all cases, cellulose was found to prevail in the Miscanthus stem, and noncellulosic components (the fat wax fraction, ash, and lignin), in leaves. Cellulose samples were for the first time obtained from leaves and stems separately by two methods (nitric acid and combined). The best quality cellulose was derived from stems. For instance, cellulose isolated from stems by the nitric acid process was better than that from leaves, which was expressed as a higher cellulose content (94.4% versus 91.7%) and degree of polymerization (800 versus 580), as well as low weight fractions of non cellulosic components: ash (0.07% versus 1.01%) and acid insoluble lignin (0.45% versus 1.51%). The same tendency is observed in celluloses produced by the combined method: Cellulose from stems had better quality than that from leaves; specifically, it had higher degree of polymerization (1040 versus 640) and lower weight fractions of the noncellulosic components: ash (0.14% versus 0.75%), acid insoluble lignin (0.88% versus 4.12%), and pentosans (6.38% versus 8.53%). It is obvious that cellulose obtained by the nitric acid method can be suitable for chemical modifications, including nitration. Cellulose from the combined process can be utilized in paper industry.
Regular administration of the Reishi suspension improved the energy supply to the brain cortex and decreased the prevalence of inhibitory neurotransmitters that are characteristic of alcohol consumption. The alcohol-induced increase in liver proliferation was significantly suppressed by regular administration of the G. lucidum water suspension.
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA from eight cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms) lines of sugar beet from different breeding stations was investigated by restriction fragment analysis and Southern hybridization. All cms lines showed similar but not identical restriction and hybridization signal patterns, readily distinguishable from those of fertile (N) cytoplasm. Digestion of the mtDNA with BamHI, EcoRI, SalI, and XhoI revealed distinct differences between the sterile lines, and six subtypes of the S cytoplasm could be distinguished. Differences between the sterile lines were confirmed by hybridization with a [Formula: see text] gene probe revealing minor, line-specific hybridization signals. The data presented provide evidence for the existence of considerable variation within the only commercially used source of cms in the sugar beet, the Owen's type of cytoplasm.
The Far East population of Miscanthus sinensis (Andersson) was introduced into the West Siberia conditions. There was distinguished a form with a modified structure of the rootage which forms long shoots with leader buds and rapidly colonizes soil, thus forming a continuous and flat (without tussocks) plantation of miscanthus. It is shown that using usual agrotechnologies, it is possible to obtain 10-15 tons of dry biomass of high quality cellulose (about 40%) per ha/year.
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