The article presents the study results of winter soft wheat lines in competitive variety testing according to productivity and grain quality indicators. The study was conducted at the experimental plot of the laboratory of the breeding and seed-growing of winter soft wheat of intensive type in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2016–2018. 47 winter soft wheat samples of competitive variety testing were used as the studied material. The winter soft wheat variety “Ermak” was used as a standard. Over the years of study 23 lines exceeded productivity of the standard variety “Ermak”, the increase ranged from 0.49 to 1.66 t / ha on average. The maximum protein percentage in grain was formed by the samples “1992/16” (13.5%), “1221/16” (13.5%), “1914/16” (13.6%), “1788/16” (13.9%), “2030/16” (14.0%). The lines “1854/16” and “1990/16” combining high yields (11.17–11.30 t/ha) with protein percentage of 12.9–13.2% are of great interest for breeding. The highest content of gluten in the grain (29.3–30.0%) was identified in the samples “1992/16”, “1914/16”, “2030/16”, “1221/16” and “1093/16”. There were identified the lines “1385/16”, “1533/16” and “1862/16”, combining high yields (11.20–11.59 t/ha) and 27.9–29.1% of gluten in grain. The highest value of SDS-sedimentation (66–70 ml) was found in the samples “1093/16”, “1990/16”, “2079/16”, “1533/16” and “1987/16”. The lines “1547/16”, “1385/16”, “1854/16” combined high yields (11.10–11.31 t/ha) with high value of SDS-sedimentation (62–65 ml). The breeding material identified during the research was used for further study and has been involved in hybridization to increase productivity and grain quality.
The problem of resistance to lodging during winter wheat cultivation is of great relevance in modern conditions. This trait largely correlates to plant height. The purpose of the current study was to characterize and identify the general patterns of manifestation of the trait “plant height” in the conditions of the south of the Rostov region. The study was conducted in 2013–2018 in the department of the breeding and seed production of winter bread wheat in the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The objects of the study were the collection wheat samples of various ecological and geographical origin. There has been established that the variability of the trait “plant height” was of a medium size (10% < CV < 20%) through all the years of study, excepting the year of 2015 (CV = 9.8%). This result has indicated a high degree of genotypic influence. There has been established that the maximum average yields for 6 years were produced by the samples with 81–90 and 91–100 cm of height. There has been identified a correlation between “plant height” and “productivity”, between “resistance to lodging” and “phase of head formation”. There have been identified such semi-dwarf samples with high resistance to lodging, characterized by a stable manifestation of plant height in various weather conditions as “Ling xing 99”, “Fuimai 5” (China); “Orienta” (USA); “Zlatka” (Serbia); “Minstrel”, “СО1044” (France).
The researches were conducted in 2016–2017 by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” to study varieties and promising lines of winter wheat of intensive type according to their productivity and economically valuable traits. According to productivity through the years of study the variety ‘Donskaya Step’ and the lines ‘1005/14’ and ‘1074/14’ have been identified with a yield increase from 0.52 to 1.38 t/ha (HCP05=0.47 t/ha) compared to the standard variety ‘Ermak’. The analysis showed that the maximum number of productive stems per unit area was formed by the varieties ‘Yubiley Dona’ (582 pcs / m2) and ‘Etyud’ (569 pcs / m2) in comparison to the average value of the standard variety ‘Ermak’ (488 pcs / m2). According to ‘length of an ear’, ‘number of kernels per ear’ and ‘kernels’ weight per ear’ there was identified the variety ‘Kipchak’ (10.39 cm; 43.05 pieces and 1.87 g respectively). ‘Kernels’ weight per ear’ of the other varieties varied from 1.36 g (‘Shef’) to 1.87 g (‘Aksiniya’). ‘Grain weight per plant’ ranged from 2.86g (‘Shef’) to 3.68g (‘1074/14’). ‘Number of kernels per plant’ of the studied varieties varied from 67.2 pcs (‘Shef’) to 87.2 pcs (‘1005/14’). The line ‘1074/14’ showed the largest index of ‘grain weight per plant’ (3.68g). The line ‘1005/14’ was the best in ‘number of kernels per ear’ (87.2 pcs).
Результаты изучения образцов озимой мягкой пшеницы конкурсного сортоиспытания по урожайности и качеству зерна РЕЗЮМЕ Актуальность и методика. Исследования проведены в 2017-2019 годах на опытных полях ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской» с целью оценить образцы озимой мягкой пшеницы конкурсного сортоиспытания по урожайности и качественным показателям, а также найти оптимальные значения признаков, при которых формируется наибольшая урожайность. Изучали 75 образцов озимой мягкой пшеницы селекции ФГБНУ «АНЦ «Донской». В качестве стандарта использовали сорт Ермак. Результаты. Урожайность образцов пшеницы в конкурсном сортоиспытании колебалась от 8,52 т/га у линии 1822/15 до 10,51 т/га у сорта Раздолье. По урожайности стандарт Ермак достоверно превысили 7 образцов, прибавки которых составили от 0,41 до 1,39 т/га, НСР 05 = 0,41 т/га. При изучении образцов озимой мягкой пшеницы по ГОСТ Р 52554-2006 они соответствовали I-III классу качества по массовой доле белка. При увеличении содержания белка в зерне на 1% урожайность снижается на 0,26 т/га. По содержанию клейковины в зерне изучаемые образцы соответствовали II-III классу качества. При увеличении содержания клейковины в зерне пшеницы от 25 до 27% формируется наибольшая урожайность.The study results of the winter bread wheat varieties of the competitive variety testing according to productivity and grain quality ABSTRACT Materials and methods. The current study was carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental plots of the FSBSI "Agricultural Research Center "Donskoy" in order to evaluate winter bread wheat samples of the competitive variety testing according to productivity and quality indicators, as well as to find the optimal values of the traits which promote formation of the largest yields. There have been studied 75 winter bread wheat samples developed in the FSBSI "Agricultural Research Center "Donskoy". The variety 'Ermak' has been taken as a standard one.Results. The wheat samples' productivity in the competitive variety testing ranged from 8.52 t/ha (the line 1822/15) to 10.51 t/ha (the variety 'Razdolie'). The productivity of the standard variety 'Ermak' was significantly exceeded by 7 samples, their increase ranged from 0.41 to 1.39 t/ha, НСР 05 = 0.41 t/ha. When studying the winter bread wheat samples according to GOST R 52554-2006, they corresponded to the 1-3 quality class due to protein mass fraction. When the protein percentage in grain increased on 1%, the productivity decreased on 0.26 t/ha. Due to gluten content in grain the studied samples corresponded to the 2-3 quality class. When the gluten content in grain increased on 25-27%, there has been formed the largest productivity.
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