Purpose: to reveal the influence of mineral fertilizers and hydrothermal conditions of the growing season on the yield and protein content in the spring wheat grain. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in Aksai district of Rostov region on the experimental field of Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center (FRANTS). The objects of research are the yield and protein content in spring wheat grain, as well as the dose of mineral fertilizers. Testing, accounting and mathematical processing of the data obtained were carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov. Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the application of mineral fertilizers leads to a significant increase in the yield of spring wheat, regardless of the moisture supply of the growing season, the maximum increase was obtained with the introduction of N60P30K60. The application of mineral fertilizers leads not only to an increase in yield, but also to an increase in its dependence on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. Data analysis using a multiple correlation coefficient showed that in the variants with the mineral fertilizers application there was a close direct relationship between the yield, SCC and the amount of precipitation (r = 0.79...0.88 according to the variants of the experiment), while in the control variant it was average in terms of influence (r = 0.63...0.64). The accumulation of protein in spring wheat grain is influenced by the combined effect of the meteorological conditions of the growing season and the mineral fertilizers used. The maximum effect of the SCC and the amount of precipitation that fell during the growing season on the protein content in wheat grain was obtained with the introduction of K60 (the parameter was 53.7 and 51.8 %, respectively). Conclusions. The application of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat and regulate the protein content in grain, reducing the influence of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The best results were obtained with the introduction of N60P30K60, which makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of meteorological conditions and increase the yield by 9.3–92.8 % in comparison with the control variant.
Purpose: to study the efficiency of cultivation of the variety Premier peas on ordinary chernozem, depending on mineral fertilizers and seed sowing rates. Materials and methods. The experience was laid on the fields of the Department of Agriculture and Crop Production of Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre. The objects of research are the elements of pea productivity, yield and protein content in grain, depending on the fertilizers applied and the seeding rate. Statistical analysis of data, records and observations were carried out according to the method of B. A. Dospekhov. Results. The sowing rate influences the el-ements of pea productivity. An increase in the rate to 1.2 million seeds/ha leads to a signifi-cant reduction in the number of formed beans, the number of seeds in a bean, and a decrease in grain weight. Fertilizers did not have a significant effect on the elements of productivity. The introduction of phosphorus and potash fertilizers leads to a significant increase in the yield of peas. The combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium leads to a sig-nificant increase in yield when sown 1.0 and 1.2 million seeds/ha. Nitrogen fertilizers do not have a significant impact on the yield of peas. The fertilizers application helps to increase the protein content in the grain. The maximum was obtained in the N₆₀ variant, amounting to 24.8 %. The responsiveness of peas to introduced fertilizers depends on the seeding rate. At the optimal rate of 1.2 million seeds/ha, the highest payback was obtained in the variant with the introduction of 20 kg of a. i. phosphorus and potassium, amounting to 7.7 kg/kg a. i. Conclusions. The best results were obtained when sowing 1.2 million seeds/ha, which pro-vides an opportunity to get the highest conditional net income with high profitability of pro-duction. The maximum conditional net income of 41.7 thousand rubles/ha was observed in the option P₄₀K₄₀, while the profitability of production was 139.39 %, the cost of production was 12.5 thousand rubles/t.
The article shows that the productivity of spring wheat is determined by the total effect of a set of conditions, each of which affects the amount of products obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of spring wheat directly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The key factor affecting the increase in the productivity of crops when using mineral fertilizers is the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The use of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat, reducing the negative effect of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. So, when N60P30K60 was introduced, the yield increase in different climatic conditions of the research years was 9, 3 … 92, 8%. It was also found that the reproductive function of durum spring wheat is characterized by the fact that the total number of caryopses of a shoot spike and their total weight are in close proportional dependence on the value of its vegetative mass. In this case, the value of the grain-straw ratio is a consequence of the proportional dependence of the reproductive elements of the shoot (acceptors) of wheat on the size of its vegetative (donors) organs.
Целью исследования являлось изучение продуктивности многолетней травосмеси в зависимости от обработки почвы и удобрения покровной культуры. Исследования проводились в 2008-2015 гг. на стационарном участке научного центра. Закладка опыта осуществлялась согласно «Методике полевого опыта» Б. А. Доспехова. В опыте изучалось влияние основных минеральных удобрений, вносимых под покровную культуру (яровой ячмень), а также влияние способа основной обработки почвы на урожайность сена и продуктивность многолетней травосмеси первого и второго года пользования. В ходе исследований установлено, что многолетняя многокомпонентная травосмесь хорошо отзывается на минеральные туки, вносимые под яровой ячмень. Лучшие результаты при отвальной обработке получены при внесении Р60 (увеличение продуктивности посевов на 1,45 и 2,09 т/га в первый и второй год использования), при безотвальной обработке -в варианте с применением 30 кг действующего вещества азота (соответственно 2,13 и 1,61 т/га). Обработка почвы существенно изменяет урожайность травосмеси в оба года использования. Применение минеральных туков под яровой ячмень положительно влияет на продуктивность травосмеси как первого, так и второго года пользования, увеличивая сбор сырого протеина и кормовых единиц по изучаемым обработкам почвы. По большинству вариантов с удобрениями сбор сырого протеина и кормовых единиц при безотвальной обработке почвы был достоверно выше, чем при отвальной. Максимальный сбор сырого протеина в оба года пользования как при отвальной, так и при безотвальной обработке был получен при внесении N30P60K60. Для увеличения продуктивности многолетней травосмеси, возделываемой под покровом ячменя, рекомендуется проводить безотвальную обработку почвы с внесением под яровой ячмень полного минерального удобрения дозой N30P60K60.Ключевые слова: многолетняя травосмесь, минеральные удобрения, покровная культура, продуктивность, обработка почвы.
Purpose: to reveal the efficiency of the Donskaya variety lentils cultivation on ordinary chernozem at different seeding rates and doses of mineral fertilizers. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in Aksai district Rostov region on the experimental field of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre” (FSBSI FRARC). The objects of research are the yield and protein content in lentil grain, depending on the seeding rate and the mineral fertilizers dose. The experiments setting, recording and mathematical processing of the data obtained were carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov. Results. It has been found that the yield of Donskaya lentils is significantly influenced by both mineral fertilizers and changes in sowing rates. The maximum yield was obtained at sowing seeds at a rate of 2.2 million pcs/ha, while the plant stand and the feeding area were optimal for development. The maximum yield increase was obtained in the N20P40 variant, amounting to 0.55 t/ha. As the seeding rate increases, the protein content in the lentil grain decreases. The application of mineral fertilizers leads to a significant increase in the protein content at all studied seeding rates. The combined use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers leads to an increase in protein content compared to the application of only phosphorus fertilizers. Calculation of the agrochemical efficiency of the applied fertilizers showed that the highest payback of lentils at rates of 2.2 and 2.8 million pcs/ha was obtained with the introduction of 20 kg of active agent of phosphorus, amounting to 1.5 and 11.5 kg/kg active agent respectively. When sowing at a rate of 1.6 million pcs/ha, the maximum payback was obtained with the introduction of 40 kg active agent of phosphorus. Conclusion. It was found that it is economically efficient to cultivate lentils when sowing seeds at a rate of 2.2 million pcs/ha with the introduction of 20 kg of active agent of nitrogen and 40 kg active agent of phosphorus, this allows you to get the maximum net income (44.3 thousand rubles/ha) and payback of direct costs (3.1 rubles) with the lowest cost of grain produced (9.6 thousand rubles/ton).
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