In patients with endometrial cancer (N=94), endometrial polyps (N=28), endometrial hyperplasia (N=25), and healthy women (N=77), the serum contents of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were measured by ELISA. Both carcinoma and benign neoplasms were accompanied by significant elevation of MMP-7 and TIMP-2 in blood serum. The greatest elevation (in comparison with the control) was observed for MMP-7, although serum concentration of this marker was practically identical in patients with carcinoma and benign tumors. In contrast, the levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 were lower in cancer patients in comparison with the control; in these patients, the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were also lower than the corresponding levels in patients with polyps and endometrial hyperplasia. There were no significant correlations between the levels of examined markers with tumor metastasizing, its histological structure, and differentiation degree of endometrial cancer. No differences were observed between examined serological markers in patients with polyps and endometrial hyperplasia of various severities. The examined MMPs and TIMPs cannot be advanced as potential diagnostic markers of endometrial cancer, but they can be used to monitor and prognosticate the disease and to assess effectiveness of the targeted therapy.
A classification of grain boundaries for arbitrary misorientations of contacting crystals and orientations of boundary planes is considered using the notions of incommensurate systems. The geometrical representations of linear (dislocations, steps) and point (vacancies and interstitials) defects on grain and interphase boundaries of a general type are developed. The representations of thermal excitations of grain boundaries are proposed. Various kinetic processes in grain boundaries of a general type, such as atomic structural relaxation and emission of vacancies are carefully considered. This allowed us to derive analytical expressions for the characteristics of grain boundary sliding and for the low-temperature and the high-temperature grain boundary internal friction peaks.
IntroductionAlmost all materials, in particular, structural materials being used for practical purposes, have polycrystalline structure. It is generally accepted that the structure of grain boundaries is an important factor, which determines many properties of polycrystals. There is a large number of theoretical and experimental facts proving that the kinetics of recrystallization, deformation, diffusion, grain sliding, phase transformations, etc is determined by grain boundaries. The same statement can be applied to interphase boundaries.Hitherto, a division of grain boundaries into the two large classes, special and general type, is accepted. The geometrical structure of special grain boundaries having a periodic atomic structure is well investigated [1 -5]. The ground for these notions is the model of the coincident units. However, the fraction of special boundaries, amongst all possible boundaries existing in a polycrystal, is insignificant. The overwhelming majority of boundaries (around 90%), have random misorientation of contacting crystallites [6]. Such boundaries are named general type boundaries or incommensurate boundaries [7,8]. Similar boundaries still refer to as random or usual grain boundary [9].Atomic structure of grain boundaries of a general type was investigated earlier for some special cases. The model of structural units by Bishop and Chalmers [10] can be mentioned as an example of such approach. This model implies that atomic structure of a grain boundary is formed by suitable selection of a sequence of atomic clusters named structural units, which, in turn, are determined by periodic motives of the nearest commensurate boundaries. For example, Fig. 1 shows an inclined grain boundary with the misorientation angle of 29.4°, which is constructed from structural units corresponding to periodic inclined boundaries with the angles of 28.1° and 36.9°.
Ключевые слова: матриксные металлопротеиназы 2, 7, 9, тканевые ингибиторы матриксных металлопротеиназ 1-го и 2-го типа, сыворотка крови, рак эндометрия, полип эндометрия, гиперплазия эндометрия Для цитирования: Герштейн ЕС, Муштенко СВ, Кузнецов РЭ, Ермилова ВД, Левченко НЕ, Кушлинский НЕ. Клинические перспективы исследования матриксных металлопротеиназ и их тканевых ингибиторов в сыворотке крови больных раком и доброкачественными заболеваниями эндометрия.
Институт химической биологии и фундаментальной медицины» СО РАН, Новосибирск; 2 кафедра репродуктивной медицины и хирургии Московского государственного медико-стоматологического университета им. А.И. Евдокимова» Минздрава России, Москва; 3 ФГБНУ «Российский онкологический научный центр им. Н.Н. Блохина», Москва Представлен обзор литературы о роли микроРНК в развитии злокачественных опухолей яичников.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.