резюме: В статье представлены результаты клинического исследования применения высокой открытоугольной вальгизирующей подмыщелковой остеотомии большеберцовой кости ассоциированной с диагностической артроскопией при деформирующем остеоартрозе коленного сустава. Задача исследования-оценить эффективность, роль открытоуголной вальгизирующей подмыщелковой остеотомии большеберцовой кости с одномоментным применением артроскопии коленного сустава при гонартрозе. Объектом клинического исследования выступало 15 пациентов с дефектом суставного хряща на одной из сторон коленного сустава, на фоне гонартроза. Критериями включения в группу являлись суставные повреждения хрящевой поверхности преимущественно на одной из сторон коленного сустава, изменение нагрузочной оси конечности-варусная деформация коленного сустава. К критериями исключения отнеслись пациенты у которых по результатам исследования имелся выраженный артроз коленного сустава с повреждение медиальных и латерьных отделов коленного сустава, пателло-феморальный артроз, сгибательная контрактура более 15гр., ишемией нижних конечностей. В предоперационном планирование применялось МРТ, КТ с нагрузочными осями. Оперативное лечение выполнялось симультанно: первым этапом санационно-диагностическая артроскопия коленного сустава, вторым открытоуголная подмыщелковая остетомия голени. По результатам хирургического лечения все пациенты отметили значительное улучшение качества жизни и уменьшение болевого синдрома. ключевые слова: гонартроз, варусная деформация коленного сустава (genu varum), хондропатия, точка Фуджисавы, хондропластика, остеосинтез.
Treatment results for 67 patients (43 men, 24 women), aged 15–70 years, with unstable pelvic ring injuries are presented. In 15 cases conservative treatment (control group) and in 52 cases various surgical interventions (main group) were performed. In the main group of patients a strategy of two5step surgical treatment of the victims with multiple and concomitant injuries Damage control concept was applied. It included urgent stabilization of pelvic ring with external fixation devices and C-frame, bleeding arrest, final fixation within first 5–7 days after stabilization of patient’s condition. Restoration of the anterior semi5ring was performed using either external fixation device or a reconstructive plate. Stabilization of sacroiliac junction was per5 formed with cannulated screws. All patients were allowed to walk on crutches within 1–5 days after operation. In control and main groups the duration of hospitalization made up 43.7±2.5 and 25.7±3.1 days (p
Method of finite element modeling was used for mathematic modeling of pelvic fractures and various variants of anterior and posterior pelvic ring fixation with reconstructive plates, cannu- lated sacroiliac screws and pelvic screws. Four most common types of fracture were simulated. Stress-deformed conditions of metal constructions for every type of fracture and variant of its fixation were determined. Study results enabled to determine the optimum fixation techniques in various types of fractures, to confirm the significance of both anterior and posterior pelvic stabilization, as well as to substantiate the possibility of early rehabilitation with full weight bearing in such severe patients
Background.The combination of classical anterior and posterior approaches, as well as their modifications, is recognized as the most effective in acetabular fractures surgical treatment. The use of classical and modified approaches is accompanied by serious intra- and postoperative complications associated primarily with the duration of surgery, significant blood loss, tissue trauma, surgical site infection. The aim of review — to determine the main and most frequent complications associated with surgical approaches to the acetabulum. material and methods. Access to literature sources is carried out in the information systems and databases PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Сochran Library, eLibrary, Wiley Online Library. Keywords: acetabular fractures, surgical treatment, approach to the acetabulum, total hip replacement.Results. The most common intraoperative complications are incorrect fragments reduction, sciatic nerve injury, less often — intraarticular implant position, damage to the superior gluteal artery and other vessels, among the early postoperative complications - wound infection, both superficial and deep, less often — venous thrombosis. Late postoperative complications are mainly represented by the development of heterotopic ossification, post-traumatic coxarthrosis, less often revealed aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, residual protrusion and secondary femoral head lesion. Conclusion. The main approach to the acetabulum are the ileo-inguinal and the Kocher-Langenbeck approach, as well as their combination.Complications were more common using two approaches, especially in cases of simultaneous use. The main intraoperative complications are the sciatic nerve and the superior gluteal artery injury with posterior approaches, the femoral lateral cutaneous nerve with expanded ilio-femoral approach, and the obturator nerve with anterior approaches.
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