УДК 94(37)(092) ТАРНАВСЬКИЙ Роман-аспірант кафедри всесвітньої історії та спеціальних історичних дисциплін, Дрогобицький державний педагогічний університет імені Івана Франка
The purpose of the research -to reconstruct the network of scientific departments of natural and technical area at Emperor Franz I Imperial Royal University in Lviv during the second half of the XIXth -beginning of the XXth centuries; to describe the structural and personnel transformations which took place in scientific departments. The research methodology is based on the principle of historicism, application of general scientific and special scientific methods, in particular, a comparative historical method, a scrupulous analysis of contemporary statistical and information publications of Lviv University. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that for the first time in Ukrainian and foreign historiography there has been generalized the information on the scientific units of natural and technical direction of Lviv University during the Austrian period (in the previous publications on this issue the emphasis is focused on the departments); a clear scheme (in accordance with scientific areas) of their reorganizations has been made, which is reflected in structural changes, name changes, management, etc. The factual material and concluding statements presented in the publication will be
Anotacija. Ukrainiečių etnologas Roman Tarnavskyj (Роман Богданович Тарнавський) savo straipsnyje aptaria Lvovo universiteto Etnologijos katedros studijų proceso ypatumus tarpukario (1924)(1925)(1926)(1927)(1928)(1929)(1930)(1931)(1932)(1933)(1934)(1935)(1936)(1937)(1938)(1939) laikotarpiu. Šios katedros dėstytojai tuo metu daugiausia dėmesio skyrė slavų etnologijos studijoms lauko etnografijos ir lyginamuoju istoriniu metodais. Publikacijoje minimi žymūs mokslininkai ir pedagogai įvairių slavų tautų tradicinių papročių bei apeigų tyrimų kontekste visų pirma domėjosi ukrainiečių bei lenkų tautų etninių regionų materialaus bei dvasinio kultūros paveldo kilmės bei raidos dėsningumais. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Etnologijos katedra, Lvovo universitetas, Adam Fišer, etnologija, etnografija, lauko tyrimai, ukrainiečiai, lenkai. Abstract. The article by Ukrainian ethnologist Roman Tarnavskyi (РоманБогданович Тарнавський) deals with the history of educational process at Department of Ethnology, Lviv University during the interwar period (1924)(1925)(1926)(1927)(1928)(1929)(1930)(1931)(1932)(1933)(1934)(1935)(1936)(1937)(1938)(1939). Teachers of this Department focused on studying Slavic ethnology by means of field ethnography and comparative historical method. These scholars' interests originally included the genesis of the phenomena of material and spiritual culture together with ethnic roots of various Slavic people, especially Ukrainians and Poles.
У статті доведено, що Марк Ліціній Красс повністю відповідальний за поразку у парфянській кампанії. Помилкою було саме рішення щодо парфянського походу. Мабуть, єдиним мотивом Красса було отримати гучну перемогу, щоб зрівнятися військовою славою з Цезарем та Помпеєм. Встановлено, що Красс довіряв порадам тих, кому були байдужі інтереси Риму і не довіряв своїм воєначальникам. Він не лише не зумів використати ресурси своїх союзників, але своїми діями відштовхував їх. Доведено, що у критичні моменти Марк Красс втрачав контроль над ситуацією, не здійснював керівництво армією та піддавався тискові легіонерів приймаючи рішення. Ключові слова: Марк Ліціній Красс, Рим, Парфія, парфянська кампанія. ТАРНАВСКИЙ Роман-аспирант кафедры всемирной истории и специальных исторических дисциплин Дрогобычского государственного педагогического университета имени Ивана Франко
Summary. The article deals with the activities of Marcus Licinius Crassus as a triumvir and the consequences of his participation in the triumvirate. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of historicism and scientific objectivity, general scientific and special historical methods: analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological and the method of historical reconstruction. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in the Ukrainian historiography the article considers the activity of Marcus Licinius Crassus as a triumvir and his achievements of his participation in the triumvirate. With Caesar and Pompey’s support Crassus reached the consulate for the second time taking control of the province of Syria, which was the culmination of his political and military career. The conclusions are as follows. Crassus’ political position was strengthened with the foundation of the triumvirate, but his political dividends were initially the most modest compared to those received by Caesar and Pompey. This exacerbated the contradictions between him and the other members of the triumvirate. The triumvirs managed to settle disputes and restore unity at a conference at Lucca in 56 BC, after which the alliance of Caesar, Pompey and Crassus became obvious to all. Crassus received assurances of support for the fulfillment of all his desires and was able to implement everything planned, as well as the other members of the triumvirate. It was Crassus’ participation in an alliance with Caesar and Pompey and their support that allowed Crassus to achieve a second consulate, to gain control of the province of Syria and organize a military campaign against the Parthian kingdom.
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