В монографии представлены результаты теоретических и экспериментальных исследований роста культур микроводорослей. Монография основа на серии статей под общим названием «Простейшие модели роста микроводорослей». Уделено внимание количественным аспектам роста микроводорослей в накопительной, квазинепрерывной и непрерывной культуре. Рассмотрены механизмы ограничения роста микроводорослей различными факторами среды.Монография представляет интерес для специалистов по исследованию роста микроводорослей, а также альгобиотехнологов. Также будет полезна студентам и аспирантам, обучающихся по биологическим и биофизическим специальностям.
A mathematical model of the dependence of the specific growth rate of microalgae on the light intensity for a continuous culture of low optical density is proposed. In the basis of the mechanism of light-limited growth is the thesis on photosynthesis having light and dark phases. The product of the first phase is carbohydrates, which are used in the dark phase as a source of energy and carbon skeletons for the synthesis of all structural components of cells .Rates of the processes are described by linear splines. The equations describing the dependence of the specific growth rate on the intensity of the acting light are obtained.
The work focuses on techniques of quantifying the specific growth rate of microalgae in both batch and continuous culture. It is shown, that to prove that the specific growth rate is a constant value, both the ratio of two chemical biomass characteristics and dimensional structure of cell population must be constant. Critical analysis of the correctness of using the logarithmic formula for estimating the specific growth rate (μ) of microalgae in the exponential phase of growth of batch culture is held: μ = (lnB2 – lnB1) / (t2 – t1), where B1 and B2 are densities (concentrations) of the culture at a moment of time t1 and t2, respectively. This formula is widely used by most microalgae researchers without proving exponential growth character. Availability of such proofs makes the applying of the logarithmic formula meaningless. Examples of quantitative description of the experimental data obtained for two types of marine microalgae in the exponential and linear phases of culture growth are given.
The paper focuses on the study of light influence mechanisms on microalgae culture growth in the turbidostat. The method of turbidostat culture provides the same light conditions for all cells, stabilization of their biochemical composition, as well as the constancy of all physicochemical factors of the environment. The main approaches and principles of modeling the microalgae culture growth are presented. Modern models are shown to be based on classical concepts of considering cell biomass as the sum of two or more compounds. The use of two-component models for microalgae is due to both photochemical and enzymatic processes of biosynthesis of cell structures from mineral substances due to the energy of high-potential forms of macroergs. The proposed mathematical model is represented by a system of two differential equations describing the synthesis of reserve biomass compounds at the expense of light and biosynthesis of structural components from reserve ones. The model takes into account that a part of the reserve compounds is spent on replenishing the pool of macroergs, and a part of the structural component can be converted into a reserve one. The rates of synthesis of structural and reserve forms of biomass are given by linear splines and expressed in terms of the reduced fluxes of the energy or plastic substrate. The model was verified on the experimental data of the chlorophyllostat culture Tetraselmis viridis. It is shown that the light curve of T. viridis is characterized by a double change in the limiting factor and can be divided into a region of metabolic, light limiting and a region of saturation. A decrease in the specific growth rate is related to a decrease in the efficiency of light energy conversion.
A new explanation for linear growth microalgae culture density is proposed. Equations describing the dependence of light absorption coefficient and the specific rate of biomass synthesis on chlorophyll concentration are obtained. The specific extinction coefficient for Tetraselmis virilis culture (0.008 m-2 · mg chlorophyll a) is calculated.
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