The article considers the early chronological horizon of one of the key archaeological sites of the Chepetskaya archaeological culture - the Kushmanskoe (Uchkakar) fortified settlement. The paper highlights the issues of the features of the occupation layer of the early settlement, its dating, the characteristics of the identified structures and the material culture are given. The early medieval settlement on the territory of the Kushmanskoe (Uchkakar) fortified settlement was limited by defensive structures consisting of a wood-earth bank and a ditch. They defended a settlement with an area of 6-10 thousand sq. m. The occupation layer of the early settlement had a small thickness of 0.2 m. Several structures were identified in it and investigated by excavation, two of which are the remains of ground buildings, another is a stone laying of an unclear purpose. The material culture of the early horizon allows us to determine the time of the existence of an early settlement within the IX-X centuries. It ceased to exist after the destruction of defensive structures, the ruins of which partially blocked the occupation layer of the early settlement. The cultural layer of the late chronological horizon on this site of the settlement was formed already on the surface of the ruins of defensive structures of the early period. A small area of the early settlement, defensive structures, features of its occupation layer allow us to hypothesize: it was a refuge for people of another nearby fortified settlement - Kushmanskoe III settlement.
Статья посвящена хронологии внутренней части Кушманского городища Учкакар, относящегося к чепецкой археологической культуре эпохи Средневековья (IX-XIII вв). Рассматривается хронология двух основных стратиграфических горизонтов культурного слоя (ранний горизонт I, этапы IIа-б, IIв, IIг позднего горизонта II). В статье проведен хронологический анализ принадлежащих им вещевых комплексов, для чего были привлечены многочисленные аналогии. В результате исследования установлено, что ранний горизонт I, относящийся ко времени функционирования внутренней линии обороны, может быть датирован в пределах IX-X вв. Поздний горизонт II, напластования которого перекрывают руины ранних оборонительных сооружений, датируется второй половиной X - рубежом XII-XIII вв. Временные границы его этапов могут быть определены следующим образом: этапы IIа-б - вторая половина X - середина XI в. этап IIв - середина XI - начало XII в. этап IIг - XII - конец XII в. / рубеж XII-XIII вв. The paper reports on the chronology of the Kushmanskoye fortified settlement (Uchkakar) attributed to the Cheptsa culture dating to the Middle Ages (9th-13th centuries). It examines chronology of two main stratigraphic horizons of the occupation layer (early horizon I stages II a-b, II c, II d of later horizon II). The paper provides chronological analysis of artifact assemblages with the use of numerous analogies. The studies established that early horizon II dating to the period when the internal defensive line was in operation can be dated to the 9th-10th centuries. Subsequent horizon II where the layers overlie the ruins of the earlier defensive constructions dates to the second half of the 10th - turn of the 13th centuries. Timeline of its stages may be defined as follows: stages II a-b as the second half of the 10th - mid-11th centuries stage II c as mid-11th - early 12th centuries stage II d as the 12th - late 11th century/turn of the 13th century.
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