In this work the physical-chemical properties of asphaltene-resin-paraffin deposits are studied. Their component composition was determined. The results obtained are the basis for the selection of effective solvents and the choice of the method of removing deposits from oil reservoirs. Two hydrocarbon solvents with the brands “TSK А” and “TSK B” were tested. The solvent ability of solvents was tested.
The article is devoted to the problem of cleaning oil transport and storage facilities from asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits. The issues of the use of ultrasound at oil transport and storage facilities for the removal of asphalt-tar and paraffin deposits are considered. The classification of methods for removing asphalt-tar and paraffin deposits in wells, pipelines and reservoirs is formulated. The review of scientific works on the use of ultrasound and ultrasonic installations for changing the basic physical and chemical characteristics of oil and tank cleaning is presented. Based on the analysis, a list of experimental studies is formulated that must be performed for the further formation of the scientific and technical base for the use of ultrasonic exposure for the removal of deposits. An overview of modern achievements in this field is presented, including scientific works on the use of ultrasound to accelerate the removal of deposits. An approach to the destruction of deposits directly during the operation of the tank due to the descent of the emitter to the surface of the boundary of the phases "oil-deposits" is considered. A system of mathematical equations has been developed that simulates the process of changing the temperature and melting of deposits, taking into account the operation of an ultrasonic emitter. As a result, the velocity of the movement of the melting front of deposits is determined depending on the duration of exposure. The recommended duration of exposure at each installation point is determined.
Objective. The removal of asphaltene deposits at oil and gas facilities is one of the urgent and important problems and requires significant material and labor costs. It is possible to reduce costs by creating and implementing effective technical means, which requires an in-depth study of the processes of organic matter deposition at oil and gas facilities and their use as a secondary raw material. Methods. This paper discusses modern views on the state of the problem of asphaltene deposits in oil shipping and storage equipment and possible ways to solve it. The paper provides an overview of various ways to clean shipping and storage objects from asphaltene deposits: chemical (adding additives, solvents), thermal (heating by special devices or injection of superheated steam during exploitation), mechanical (using scrapers and pistons), and refers, among other things, to scientific works on the use of ultrasound to accelerate the removal of deposits. Results. The paper considers methods for removing deposits, as well as using the positive effect of the removed layer as a secondary energy source. A procedure for model calculation of the use of ultrasonic equipment to remove deposits has been developed. As a result, the deposit melting front velocity was determined depending on the duration of exposure. Conclusion. Taking into account the positive world experience, the level of development of the ultrasonic method for removing asphaltene deposits in the oil and gas industry and the use of asphaltene deposits as a secondary raw material, this area needs further development. The widespread implementation of equipment and, from the standpoint of rational use of natural resources, the use of deposits as a secondary raw material will increase cost efficiency and equipment efficiency, and reduce environmental impact.
Objectives. Ways to prevent the onset of rollover in the liquefied natural gas storage.Method. The article deals with modern methods of mathematical modeling and software when solving problems in a nonlinear formulation. A regulatory analysis of existing methods of LNG transportation has been carried out.Result. Using the mathematical program ANSYS, the rollover process in the liquefied natural gas storage was modeled. In the ANSYS software package, 3d modeling of the process of heat and mass transfer of the stratified liquid in the liquefied natural gas storage was performed. When simulating a rollover phenomenon, the time to its occurrence was 30 minutes, which differs from the experimental value by 1.7%. Based on the results of the calculations, it can be determined that the time to the onset of rollover depends on the concentration of the component layers, on the filling and geometry of the reservoir. These factors lead to an increase in evaporation of liquefied natural gas of 0.04%.Conclusion. The method of numerical experiment allows to determine the distribution of pressure, temperature, density, concentration in the object under study, without resorting to real experiments. The use of the ANSYS software package of computational fluid dynamics in the process of heat and mass transfer of the stratified liquid in the liquefied natural gas storage is necessary when calculating the increased accuracy.
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