The Climate Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a 13-item questionnaire for assessing climate anxiety (CA) as a psychological response to climate change. The CAS consists of two subscales, namely, cognitive impairment and functional impairment. This study aimed to validate the Polish version of the CAS. The sample included 603 respondents (344 females, 247 males, and 12 non-binary), aged 18–70 years (M = 25.32, SD = 9.59). Based on the exploratory factor analysis results, we proposed a 3-factor solution (i.e., intrusive symptoms, reflections on CA, and functional impairment), which seems to be theoretically more consistent with the content of the CAS statements. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original 2-factor solution and the 3-factor one had a satisfactory and a good fit to the data, respectively, as well as both were invariant across different gender, age, and educational level categories. Despite the fact that the 3-factor solution had the best-fit indices, we recommended to examine the CAS structure in different samples and use the overall CAS score in cross-cultural research. Cognitive and functional impairment subscales were positively correlated with personal experience of climate change, behavioral engagement, environmental identity, and environmental motives, but they were negatively correlated with climate change denial and sense of safety. The CAS subscales were correlated with depressive symptoms, but contrary to expectations, they were not associated with anxiety symptoms and any cognitive coping strategies. The Polish version of the CAS has satisfactory psychometric properties. Overall, we reported low CA levels in the Polish sample. Women and younger people experienced higher CA.

В статье с позиции системной концепции психической адаптации и дезадаптации рассмотрены психологические и соматические факторы, связанные с артериальной гипертензией (АГ), и особенности психовегетативных отношений при АГ. Выделены эмоционально-личностные особенности лиц с АГ (поведение, тревожность, алекситимия, невротические черты и когнитивная регуляция эмоций) и отмечено их изменение под влиянием болезни. Отмечены некоторые аспекты приспособления к болезни, приверженности лечению и динамики качества жизни лиц с АГ. С критической точки зрения проанализированы данные исследований и предложены новые пути поиска психосоматических факторов, связанных с АГ. Предлагается сместить акцент с изолированного изучения личностных особенностей, а внимание направить на изучение особенностей психовегетативных отношений при АГ, в частности связи регуляции эмоций (РЭ) с реакцией сердечно-сосудистой системы на стресс. В связи с наличием связи РЭ с изменениями артериального давления и возможности корректировки РЭ в процессе психологической помощи, а следовательно, и лечения АГ, этот подход заслуживает дальнейшего рассмотрения в рамках сотрудничества медицинского персонала и психологов. Ключевые слова: артериальная гипертензия, психосоматические отношения, психосоматические факторы, эмоционально-личностные особенности, регуляция эмоций. Отношения и деятельность: нет. Университет Казимира Великого, Быдгощ, Польша. Ларионов П. М. -докторант кафедры психологии здоровья факультета психо- Psychosomatic relationships in patients with hypertensionLarionov P. M.The article discusses the psychological and somatic factors associated with hypertension (HTN) and the characteristics of psychovegetative relationships in HTN from the perspective of a systemic concept of mental adaptation and maladaptation. Emotional and personality traits of individuals with HTN (behavior, anxiety, alexithymia, neurotic traits and cognitive emotion regulation) were identified and their change under the disease effect was noted. Some aspects of adaptation to the disease, adherence to treatment and changes of life quality in people with HTN are noted. Research data were critically analyzed and new lines of searching for psychosomatic factors associated with HTN were suggested. It was proposed to shift the focus from an isolated study of personality traits, and focus on the study of psychovegetative relationships in HTN, in particular, the relationship of emotion regulation (ER) with the cardiovascular response to stress. Due to the association of ER with blood pressure changes and the opportunity to improve ER through psychological aid, and therefore, treat HTN, this approach deserves further consideration as a part of cooperation between medical workers and psychologists.For citation: Larionov P. M. Psychosomatic relationships in patients with hypertension.

The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) is a 24-item self-report measure of alexithymia. Originally developed in English, it was designed to try to enable more comprehensive (i.e., facet-level and valence-specific) alexithymia assessments. This study aimed to introduce and validate a Polish version of the PAQ. Our sample were 1,008 people (69.44% females, 30.06% males and 0.50% non-binary) aged 18–78 (M = 29.69, SD = 14.15) from the general community. The PAQ's factor structure was verified with confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent and divergent validity were assessed via relationships with other measures of alexithymia and mental health symptoms. Our results indicated strong factorial validity, conforming to the intended subscale structure. As expected, all PAQ subscales correlated in expected directions with another established alexithymia measure, and markers of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. The PAQ showed good discriminant validity in terms of measuring an alexithymia construct that was separable from people's current level of distress. Test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities were also good. Overall, the Polish PAQ therefore appears to have strong psychometric properties. Our findings add to a growing body of literature supporting the validity of the PAQ, and the multidimensional nature of the alexithymia construct, across different nations and languages.

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