The object of the study is the process of functioning of enterprises of the grain product subcomplex. In the course of the study, the problem of the growth rate and the peculiarities of the functioning of enterprises of the grain product subcomplex were solved. An assessment of the functioning of the grain product subcomplex was carried out Republic of Kazakhstan using mathematical modeling, for which a methodology has been developed that allows considering factors with a heterogeneous metric, which includes the following steps: 1) index analysis twenty-one indicators, divided into groups; 2) development of formulas for calculation and integral indicators characterizing their dynamics; 3) determining the pace of functioning of the grain product subcomplex for 2011–2021. Graphs were made and a forecast of the performance indicators of the subcomplex until 2024 is presented for one of each group with the maximum coefficient of determination R2. According to three scenarios: optimistic, probabilistic and pessimistic. R2 is an indicator of the quality of forecasts: than the closer its value is to one, the higher the probability of execution. For eleven charts, the coefficient of determination is in the range from 0.9003 (pessimistic forecast for other industrial use of grain) to 0.9838 (optimistic forecast for the number of granaries). For ten, from 0.8025 to 0.8702, and for nine, from 0.705 to 0.7932. This means that the reliability of the calculations for twenty-nine forecast options is in the range from 70 to 98 %. This indicates fairly objective predictive values of the subcomplex performance indicators until 2024. Based on the results of the studies, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios are more likely to be implemented.
The solution of the national food problem largely depends on the intensive development of the subcomplex of grain products of the backbone segment of the agro-industrial complex. The priority of this sector of the agro-industrial complex is due to the strategic importance of grain, due to the constant need for it of various agro-food structures and on its basis of food products of the population. In this regard, there is an objective need to substantiate promising directions for the development of the grain products subcomplex, taking into account modern principles of achieving targets. Given the complexity of the socio-economic conditions of the current period, the subcomplex of grain products in the most popular sectors of the national economy is included in the agricultural cluster. In this regard, the priority direction of the national policy is not only to prevent a recession in various sectors of the agricultural sector, but also to ensure an increase in output both to fully meet domestic needs and to increase exports. Such an approach requires the combined efforts of all subjects of the agro-industrial complex, coordination of activities and a purposeful focus on achieving a high final result. The article notes that the development of production in the sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan requires the search and use of new, more effective forms of production and economic activity. One of the main methods of solving this problem is the integration of commodity producers, which allows combining all the links of the reproduction cycle in a single complex in the technological chain “processing of raw materials – production of finished products”.
The mechanism of distribution relations regarding the exchange of intermediate products, resources and services and the distribution of income from the sale of final products on the external market is an important part of economic relations within the cluster. The distribution mechanism ensures that the interests of cluster subjects are respected, and the mechanism of the grain product cluster is based on the fact that revenues from the sale of final products are distributed along the chain of the technological cycle, distributed through prices, tariffs, and centralized funds created by the cluster participants. In the grain-product complex, when using market prices, some enterprises become profitable, some-unprofitable, and when clustering, these processes can be preserved. An important element of the regional grain cluster is large grain companies and holdings that have concentrated large grain receiving enterprises for receiving, drying, storing and shipping grain. They include high-performance flour milling enterprises that have modern equipment from international manufacturers. These companies also include large, medium and small agricultural enterprises that produce grain, which have developed their own technological strategy and production structure, tactics, market behavior, and pricing policy. Regulatory mechanisms should be used to regulate relationships between cluster entities, ensure interests, coordinate individual and corporate goals, and regulate internal assortment, resource, price, and other proportions: standards of exchange and distribution relations; prices for products and final products sold. The issues of forming optimal economic relations between regional cluster entities, ensuring the implementation of individual and corporate goals, and regulating assortment, resource, and price interests are complex. The main part of economic relations within a cluster is the mechanism of distribution relations arising from the exchange of intermediate products, resources and services and the distribution of income from the sale of final products on the foreign market. The distribution mechanism should ensure that the interests of cluster members are realized. It should also be noted the peculiarity of regional clusters as a broad field of activity of enterprises.
Grain cluster – is an organizational form of consolidation of the efforts of stakeholders, ensuring the competitiveness of the region. The goal is to determine ways to improve the cluster organization of interaction, which is due to the fact that as part of the cluster, the consolidation of the efforts of enterprises aimed to achieve production and economic results reaches the highest level. Methods – comparative, system analysis, statistical and economic, logical generalization. Results – the most important part of economic relations of the cluster is the mechanism of distribution relations, which occurs in the process of the exchange of intermediate products, resources and services, the distribution of income from the sale of final products on foreign market. The functioning of the distribution system ensures the parity of interests of the cluster members, based on the fact that in the grain cluster, income from the sale of manufactured products is distributed along the technological chain based on prices and tariffs, through centralized funds created by the cluster members. Conclusions – grain product cluster has a clear organizational structure, the most important part of which is the mechanism of distribution relations that arises during the exchange of intermediate products, resources and services, and distribution of income. The transport and logistics infrastructure is necessary to ensure the movement of products within the cluster and beyond it with the least material costs and losses in physical terms. The core of grain cluster should be enterprises engaged in production, grain storage and processing. Another part of it is processors: flour mills, feed mills and bakeries, pasta factories. The formation of clusters must be linked to the pricing mechanism in order to ensure equal efficiency for all participants.
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