Background. According to the statistics, the incidence of dentoalveolar anomalies, as well as the frequency of orthodontic visits, is constantly growing. Objective. To analyze the efficiency of orthodontic treatment in children during the period of mixed dentition. Methods. We have performed a study on the incidence and severity of dentoalveolar anomalies of the dental status in 7-9-year-old patients vs. 15-17-year-old adolescents after the completion of occlusion. The adolescents were divided into two groups those who underwent orthodontic treatment during the mixed dentition period and those who did not. The evaluation of the childrens dental status was performed using a specialized WHO Map (2013), supplemented by the Dental Maxillofacial Anomalies section. We determined the following indices: DMF (Decayed-Missing-Filled Index), DMF-df, OHI-S, CPI, PAR, DAI, as well as the Littles irregularity index. The need in the different types of dental and orthodontic treatment was estimated, including that per one examined person in a group. Results. In the group of 7-9-year-old we have revealed a high incidence of premature teeth loss (17.0% of patients), dentoalveolar anomalies (73.9%) and their combinations (60.8%). Discussion. Orthodontic treatment during the period of mixed dentition reduces the incidence of the teeth positioning anomalies (crowding and tooth displacement) and dental arch ratio anomalies (completely eliminating the cross-bite). At the same time, early orthodontic treatment does not have a significant influence on the tooth rotation, interdental spaces, deep, open, distal, mesial occlusions and the displacement of dental arches. The severity of dentoalveolar anomalies is reduced in this case. Conclusion. Orthodontic treatment of children during the period of mixed dentition is indicated in the presence of teeth crowding and displacement, as well as in the presence of a cross-bite; concerning other types of dentoalveolar anomalies, early orthodontic treatment is justified only when the patients psychological and functional indices are reduced.
Background. An irreducible displacement of the articular disc (IDD) is one of the TMJ conditions characterized by complexity of clinical manifestations, severity and is always accompanied by myofascial pain disorders. Objective. To improve the results of treatment of patients with TMJ IDD and myofascial pain syndromes. Methods. We performed a clinical examination and treatment of 38 patients with irreducible displacement of the TMJ articular disc and myofascial pain disorders. As additional research methods, we used CBCT, MRI, EMG. A step-by-step treatment was conducted, including a drug therapy, injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) in the masticatory, temporal, lateral pterygoid muscles (LPM) bilaterally; repositional splint therapy; arthrocentesis with the lavage of both articular spaces. Results. The overall effectiveness of the treatment was 97.4%. Out of 38 patients, 34 (89.5%) were treated without arthrocentesis with the complete restoration of the mandibular movement volume and elimination of pain syndrome. Conclusions. An effective system has been developed for a sequential complex treatment of TMJ IDD; a new technique has been developed for a periarticular injection access to the LPM allowing administration of a drug to its upper and lower heads. The high efficiency of BTA injections in the treatment of TMJ IDD is due to the mandatory drug administration into 3 muscles: masticatory, temporal and lateral pterygoid. In the treatment of TMJ IDD, arthrocentesis is effective with lavage of the lower and upper articular spaces.
The level of oral hygiene among many patients with implants is insufficient. In the absence of clinical examination and occupational hygiene, there is an averagely frequent development of inflammation in peri-implant tissuesperi-implantitis, which can cause implant disintegration. It is necessary to control hygiene indicators at the different stages of implantation. Objective: to analyze changes in hygiene and periodontal parameters during implant treatment. Materials and methods: At the stages before implantation, during osseointegration and the year after prosthetics on implants, the hygiene indicators and periodontal and microbiota status of 60 patients with dental implants were analyzed. Control methods used include Oral Hygiene Index Green J.C., Vermillion J.R. (OHI-S); gingivitis index Loe H., Silness J. (GI); Muhllemann index modified by Cowell; and PMA index modified by Parma. The level of halitosis was determined using the organoleptic index and the Halimeter instrument. Molecular genetic diagnosis of periodontopathogenic bacteria in the periodontal and peri-implant space was carried out. Results: Hygiene and periodontics after preimplantation tooth restoration, and periodontal deterioration by the time the implants open, then before replacing the temporary prostheses with permanent ones and after three months of functioning of the prostheses on the implants, which necessitates professional oral hygiene before these stages. Conclusion. Occupational hygiene every three months provides a stable adequate level of hygienic and periodontal indicators for users of prostheses on implants, and also reduces the detection of peri-implantitis.
The purpose of the study: Comparison of indicators of dental status in athletes of the Olympic national teams and the population of Moscow of the same age.Material and methods: Dental examination of 132 athletes of the Olympic national teams and 104 residents of Moscow, males aged 2035 years was carried out using the modified World Health Organization Dental Status Assessment Card.Results of the study: Analysis of the prevalence and intensity of dental diseases showed that the dental status of athletes is worse in such areas as the detection of previously performed endodontic treatment and its unsatisfactory quality (with more endodontically treated teeth), the detection of large fillings and poor-quality fillings among existing fillings, prevalence pathological abrasion, the prevalence of periodontitis, the detection of unsatisfactory levels of oral hygiene, yyavlyaemost pathology of the temporomandibular joint. The obtained patterns reflect the untimely and insufficient quality of dental care for adolescents-athletes in the regions, as well as indicate higher psychophysical loads in athletes compared to peers. This necessitates special therapeutic and preventive approaches in the implementation of dental care aimed at reducing the parafunctional overload of the dentition in athletes.
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