Статья представляет сообщение об опыте информирования населения, в первую очередь, проживающего на радиоактивно загрязнённых территориях, о радиационной обстановке на основе межведомственного (МЧС России - Росгидромет - Роспотребнадзор) интернет-портала. Работа межведомственного интернет-портала включала в себя не только компонент информирования, но и формирование населением (студентами и школьниками при поддержке преподавательского состава) альтернативного контента о радиационном фоне в местах проживания. The article presents a report on the experience of informing the population, primarily those living in radioactively contaminated areas, about the radiation situation on the basis of an interdepartmental (EMERCOM of Russia - Roshydromet - Rospotrebnadzor) Internet portal. The work of the interdepartmental Internet portal included not only an information component, but also the formation by the population (students and schoolchildren with the support of the teaching staff) of alternative content about the radiation background in places of residence.
Purpose: Retrospective analysis of the process of defining the zones of radioactive contamination zones formed after the Chernobyl accident. Results: Summary of events related to liquidation of the Chernobyl NPP (ChNPP) accident consequences is given in the context of defining the radioactive contamination zones. Experience of zoning of the territories exposed to radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl NPP accident during 1986–2015 in Belarus and the Russian Federation has revealed the following: - Zones of radioactive contamination as a result of the ChNPP accident have been finally defined by the regulatory-legal acts only by 1991 – in five years after the Chernobyl accident; - At present, the zones of radioactive contamination zones legally correspond to the borders of settlements that were given a certain status of the radioactively contaminated territory. This leads, in particular, to paradoxical "automatic" reduction of radioactive contamination zonesareas due to abolition of settlements with no inhabitants. Absence of the established borders of radioactive contamination zones creates difficulties in substantiation of the measures related to radiation monitoring, rehabilitation of radioactively contaminated areas and their return to economic circulation. Conclusions: Experience of eliminating mitigation of the Chernobyl NPP accident consequences shows that the absence of modern and scientifically justified procedures of defining the borders of radioactive contamination zones results not only in an inadequate assessment of the scales of consequences, but also does not allow effective differentiating the inventory and scale of necessary measures on population protection.
Purpose: Development of methods of establishing the borders of radioactive contamination caused by major radiation accidents. Material and Methods: Approaches for establishing Radioactive Contamination Zones (RCZ) and defining their borders are proposed based on the notion of a ‘RCZ’s accounting unit’. An area representing a generalized land plot, settlement, forestry and/or water body (i.e. minimum registration units of: the State Cadastre, the Administrative-Territorial Classifiers, the State Forest Registry, and the State Water Register) is proposed to be taken as the RCZ’s accounting unit. Results: The basic formal procedure provides for identification of the RCZ status for each contaminated area based on the condition of intervention level (criterion) excess by the relevant radiation-situation index. When developing a regulatory document on RCZ establishment, a list of land plots and settlements is drawn up with indication of the RCZ status (rank), the plot’s category and its unique number. Using information about the plot borders, a list of coordinates of characteristic points located at RCZ borders ranked by the RCZ status is made. Such a list may constitute an integral part of the relevant regulatory-and-legal document that establishes RCZ borders. Conclusions: Taking of a land plot, settlement, forestry or water body as the ‘RCZ’s accounting unit’ enables RCZ’s establishment and determination of their borders using simple formal procedures and a specified number of indices. The RCZs can be presented as cumulative lists of cadastral plots and settlements, whereas their boundaries via the relevant descriptions of boundaries of the plots having different RCZ status.
Описан состав и основные характеристики технических средств мониторинга чрезвычайных ситуаций с радиационным фактором на сопредельных радиоактивно загрязненных вследствие катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС территориях России и Беларуси, предназначенных для обеспечения оперативного проведения аварийно-спасательных и других неотложных работ. Describes the composition and main characteristics of technical means for monitoring emergency situations with a radiation factor in the adjacent territories of Russia and Belarus contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster, designed to ensure prompt rescue and other urgent work.
Сегодня наблюдается интенсивный рост различных глобальных угроз цивилизации, таких как природные и техногенные катастрофы, экологический дисбаланс, глобальное изменение климата, многочисленные опасные загрязнения больших территорий и направленные террористические атаки, приведшие к огромным разрушениям и чрезвычайным ситуациям с массовыми жертвами. Атомная энергия, как один из основных источников энергии, требует особо внимательного и бережного отношения. С большинством угроз человечество столкнулось впервые. Поэтому аналогов и средств для их решения нет. Это стимулирует модернизацие традиционных методов и разработку новых для неё исследований, прогнозирования и предотвращения с максимальным снижением их негативных последствий при любых возможных катастрофах. Глобальный вопрос обеспечения безопасности человечества является наиболее актуальным и требует немедленного решения. Риски катастроф возросли настолько, что становится очевидным, что ни одно из государств не в состоянии управлять ими самостоятельно. Совместные усилия всего мирового сообщества необходимы для существенного развития нашей цивилизации. Основные препятствия для этого осознания обсуждаются в нашем исследовании. Today it is observed the intense growth of various global wide scale threats to civilization, such as natural and manmade catastrophes, ecological imbalance, global climate change, numerous hazards pollutions of large territories and directed terrorist attacks, resulted to huge damages and mass casualty emergencies. Atomic energy as one of the main exclusive excusive energy sources, requires the particularly attentive careful attitude. The humankind has faced the majority of treats at the first time. Therefore, there are no analogues and means to be used for their solving. It stimulates modernization of traditional methods and development of new ones for its researching, prediction and prevention with maximum decreasing of their negative consequences at any possible negative disasters. The global issue of safety provision for the humankind is the most actual and requires an immediate decision. Catastrophe risks have increased so much, that it becomes evident, that none of the states is able to manage them independently. Join efforts of all world community are necessary for the substantial development of our civilization. Main obstacles for this realization are under discussion in our communication.
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