The article is revealed essence and the concept of "ecological and evolutionary approach", conceptual ideas of ecological and evolutionary approach (the idea of evolution and the idea of ecocentrism) are disclosed. Author determined methodological principles of ecological and evolutionary approach to teaching. The concept of teaching natural sciences on the basis of ecological and evolutionary approach and didactic principles of implementation of ecological and evolutionary approach to the teaching of natural sciences (didactic conditions, principles and laws) are developed and scientifically substantiated which is visualized in a didactic model of teaching natural science on the basis of ecological and evolutionary approach. The technology of teaching biology based on ecological and evolutionary approach is developed. Results of pedagogical experiment proved the effectiveness of the technology of teaching biology on the basis of ecological and evolutionary approach and the conception and implementation of teaching principles of ecological and evolutionary approach to the teaching of natural sciences embodied in it.
Knowledge on universal values in general and common European values in particular and their influence on the process of providing university education to current and future generations may become a basis for building a cohesive world community. In that context, university education has an invaluable role to play. To live in peace and harmony for years to come, people should acknowledge and respect the diversity within the global society. This will be possible only if the content of higher education programmes in universities throughout Europe provides the next generations with insight into European and world culture and multiculturalism. This is most evident now when all the nations of the world have expressed their willingness to help each other in combating the Covid-19 pandemic placing the highest value on the person. In this regard, the article is aimed at investigating the problems Ukrainian and Latvian students face as a result of current challenges caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, providing some scientifically backgrounded ways of their overcoming and reducing their negative consequences. The problems whose essence was found out through conducting a web-based questionnaire were generalized by means of content analysis method. Research sample included 109 Latvian students and 98 Ukrainian students.
The article presents the results of a survey of primary education specialists on the organization of primary school education in the period after the beginning of Russia’s fullscale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 and May 31, 2022 (the official end of the 2021–2022 academic year). The survey was conducted by scholars of the Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine. The article is based on the legislative and regulatory documents governing the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine and the peculiarities of the functioning of the Ukrainian education system during this period; analytical works, including the author’s own, on the organization of education under martial law; characteristics of primary education: The guidelines of international organizations on the organization of education in times of war were also taken into account. The results of the survey showed that primaryeducation in Ukraine continued to function after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia, despite serious challenges (destruction or damage to educational institutions due to bombing and shelling, forced displacement of teachers and parents with children, numerous psychological traumas of teachers and children, occupation of part of the territory of Ukraine and genocide of the Ukrainian people in the occupied territories). This became possible both due to the creation of the foundations of institutional and legal regulation of the educational sphere for the period of martial law by the Ukrainian authorities, and to the specialists of primary education: their civic position, moral responsibility, professional qualifications. The conclusions developed on the basis of the respondents’ answers outline possible options for organizing primary education in war conditions. The relevance of further development of the distance learning format in Ukraine under martial law and the implementation of a systemic policy of the authorities to support teachers, which should include both psychological support and the development of methodological support for teaching in war conditions, emphasized.
The publication provides a comprehensive analysis of the state and development of national education over the 30 years of Ukraine’s independence, identifies current problems in education, ascertains the causes of their emergence, offers scientifically reasoned ways to modernise domestic education in the context of globalisation, European integration, innovative development, and national self-identification. Designed for legislators, state officials, education institutions leaders, teaching and academic staff, the general public, all those who seek to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian education in the context of civilisation changes.
Digitalization of education becomes an imperative for reforming the education sector, the main and primary task of effective development of the information society in Ukraine. Digitalization of education is impossible without taking into account global trends, in particular the intensive development of such technologies as augmented and virtual reality, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, robotics, blockchain, media education, cloud-based environments, gamification, interdisciplinary, etc. The transition to a digital society, the large-scale COVID-19 pandemic, and the state of martial law in Ukraine affected the functioning of the national education system, both in terms of management, organization of the educational process, communication, assessment of educational achievements, and in relation to the creation and use of digital educational content. The National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine provides constant scientific and methodological support to pedagogical workers in overcoming the identified difficulties and problems of online education. Scientists of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine research, create and implement a wide range of electronic resources, educational programs and educational and methodological materials to ensure the digital transformation of the national education. The results of research and the experience of educators regarding the digitalization of the educational process in educational institutions of various levels during the COVID-19 pandemic and under the state of martial law are presented. They are aimed at preschool education, full general secondary education, education of children with special educational needs, education of gifted students, professional, higher education, advanced training of scientific, scientific-pedagogical and managerial personnel of education, etc. The report, prepared for the General Meeting of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, which took place on November 18-19, 2022, revealed the most significant initiatives regarding the digitalization of Ukrainian education, in the initiation and implementation of which the scientists of the Academy take an active part. Based on the analysis of the current stage of the digitalization of the national education and with the aim of concentrating the efforts of scientists, the pedagogical community, and education managers on its defining directions, the participants of the General Meetings of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine approved the Recommendations on the digital transformation of education of Ukraine prepared by the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine.
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