Wood pulp industry generates tons of lignosulfonate by-product waste every year. Rational utilization of lignosulfonates is limited due to non-uniform structure and complex chemical composition. However, presence of different functional groups allows for a broad range of industrial applications, including catalysis in polymer chemistry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze structural composition of sodium lignosulfonate and its modified forms using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Sulfuric acid treatment of sodium lignosulfonate was hypothesized to enhance catalytic capacity of the original lignosulfonate by increasing the amount of sulfonic acid catalytic active sites inside the structure of the macromolecule. FTIR analysis identified structural features of the lignosulfonate-based catalysts and their catalytic potential was assessed via alcohol dehydration reaction. As a result, polymeric forms of lignosulfonate were successfully used as a carbon-based catalyst matrix.
In the paper we study a method of increasing the yield of dehydrogenation products of methylbutenes by virtue of intermediate removal of the hydrogen formed during the dehydrogenation and partial compensation of heat losses. In the example of dehydrogenation of methylbutenes into the isoprene, the oxidation of hydrogen on the platinum catalyst [charged inside the layer of ferric potassium catalyst] for the dehydrogenation of olefins is considered.
The aim of this work is to study the possibility of developing oil road bitumen by goudron oxidation of mixed base oils with the softening temperature of 24 °C from the Martyshi and Mangistau deposits using vacuum residue of more than 450 °C of highly resinous oil from the Karazhanbas deposit of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an additive, elemental sulfur modifier and induction moments. Karazhanbas oil has a high content of oil tars (24.18 % wt.) and asphaltenes (4.85 % wt.). The oxidation of goudron and vacuum residue of highly resinous oil was carried out in a bubble reactor when thermostating at 200 - 210 °С, specific air consumption of 1.8 – 2 l/min·kg. The oxidation process of the feedstock was completed when the viscosity of bitumen was reached by the ring-andball method of 32-35 °C. Oil bitumen was obtained with the following technological characteristics: penetration at 25 °C 105 mm, melting point 51 °C, tensibility at 25 °C 67 cm, flash point 230 °C, brittle temperature minus 15 °C.
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