Wood pulp industry generates tons of lignosulfonate by-product waste every year. Rational utilization of lignosulfonates is limited due to non-uniform structure and complex chemical composition. However, presence of different functional groups allows for a broad range of industrial applications, including catalysis in polymer chemistry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze structural composition of sodium lignosulfonate and its modified forms using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Sulfuric acid treatment of sodium lignosulfonate was hypothesized to enhance catalytic capacity of the original lignosulfonate by increasing the amount of sulfonic acid catalytic active sites inside the structure of the macromolecule. FTIR analysis identified structural features of the lignosulfonate-based catalysts and their catalytic potential was assessed via alcohol dehydration reaction. As a result, polymeric forms of lignosulfonate were successfully used as a carbon-based catalyst matrix.
In the paper we study a method of increasing the yield of dehydrogenation products of methylbutenes by virtue of intermediate removal of the hydrogen formed during the dehydrogenation and partial compensation of heat losses. In the example of dehydrogenation of methylbutenes into the isoprene, the oxidation of hydrogen on the platinum catalyst [charged inside the layer of ferric potassium catalyst] for the dehydrogenation of olefins is considered.
The aim of this work is to study the possibility of developing oil road bitumen by goudron oxidation of mixed base oils with the softening temperature of 24 °C from the Martyshi and Mangistau deposits using vacuum residue of more than 450 °C of highly resinous oil from the Karazhanbas deposit of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an additive, elemental sulfur modifier and induction moments. Karazhanbas oil has a high content of oil tars (24.18 % wt.) and asphaltenes (4.85 % wt.). The oxidation of goudron and vacuum residue of highly resinous oil was carried out in a bubble reactor when thermostating at 200 - 210 °С, specific air consumption of 1.8 – 2 l/min·kg. The oxidation process of the feedstock was completed when the viscosity of bitumen was reached by the ring-andball method of 32-35 °C. Oil bitumen was obtained with the following technological characteristics: penetration at 25 °C 105 mm, melting point 51 °C, tensibility at 25 °C 67 cm, flash point 230 °C, brittle temperature minus 15 °C.
The information presented in this article suggests that the larger the silkworm breeding organization (SBO), the harder it is to maintain a comfortable temperature, relative humidity, and other environmental factors, resulting in the development of silkworm cocoons. differently, the process of implementing agro-technical measures is disrupted. As a result, industrial cocoons are reported to have a yield of 14-17%, viability 22-25%, worm life 7-9 days and silkworm cocoons 7-13%.
This article examines the history of silkworm breeding, the role of silkworm breeding in the national economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the role of silkworm breeding in the development of the industry. This is because the interrelationship of traits of economic value is of great importance in selection and breeding work. The experiments were conducted in 2015-2017 at the Silk Research Institute of Uzbekistan. The life expectancy of the experimental butterflies was 10.9-12.8 days and the variability was 33.9-56.6%. The coefficient of variability indicates the degree of diversity in the population on this trait. Thus, it is clear from the results that the population of “Marvarid” and “Liniya 27” has the ability to carry out selection work on the sign of life expectancy of female butterflies.
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