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Asthma in most cases is under control due to the success of modern pharmacotherapy. At the same time questions concerning the treatment of asthma and comorbidities like chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remain unresolved. Among the causes of СRSwNP formation a microbial aggression or an inadequate immune response (allergy) to various types of antigens (allergens) are considered. Congenital, individual characteristics and abnormalities of the corresponding anatomical structures are also cited as factors contributing to the development of CRSwNP. A functional integrated immunity system - the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucous membranes (MALT), infectious and allergic inflammation in the upper respiratory tract can significantly affect the lower respiratory tract and vice versa. Inflammation is the cornerstone of CRSwNP pathogenesis, that’s why understanding of inflammatory response will reveal the mechanisms of asthma severity in combination with CRSwNP.

One of the most common chronic upper respiratory diseases worldwide is allergic rhinitis (AR). Despite advances in understanding the mechanisms of allergic inflammation, the symptoms of AR in most cases are not completely controlled by modern treatment methods. Allergic rhinitis is a precursor and predisposing factor for the development of other respiratory diseases, one of which is asthma. Diagnosis of AR is being actively conducted, but there is still a serious problem of uncontrolled and chaotic treatment of patients, so it is necessary to provide comprehensive medical care within the national health system. ARIA aims to develop and apply internationally recommendations for the management of patients with allergic respiratory diseases. In collaboration with other international associations that deal with the treatment and diagnosis of allergies and respiratory diseases, regulations and programs have been developed for the treatment of patients with AR, as well as when it is combined with asthma, which form the basis of ARIA. This document has been adapted for use in the field of healthcare in the Russian Federation and covers key issues related to the management of patients with AR and in combination with AR and asthma.