The problem of innovative development of the most important area of forestry is reforestation. Established that questions the use of innovative technologies in reforestation and afforestation in Russia is still not well defined. One promising avenue is the use of planting material with closed root system (MCS). However, for the development and practical application of technological innovation requires financial support, due to the high cost of produce seed with MCS. As evidence of the economic cost calculation done on the basis of compiled cash-flow sheets on growing seedlings with open and closed root systems and the establishment of forest plantations biennial seedlings ACS and PCL-year seedlings grown in containers with a volume of cells 150, 200, 300 and 400 cm3 conditions and non-heated greenhouses. The authors revealed that the main factor of the cost of seedlings with MCS is the costs for the maintenance of machines and mechanisms, i.e. organization costs of purchasing and maintaining expensive greenhouses. It is proved that the cost of producing the annual container planting material (MCS) and the subsequent development of forest plantations is not significantly different from the receipt of annual and biennial seedlings from bare-root in a greenhouse covered ground, but its practical application in silviculture production gives a whole other opportunities related primarily from a significant reduction in terms of the cultivation of seed and seedlings of high adaptability. It is proved that the establishment of forest cultures seedlings with MCS is only possible with the support of the state, i.e. through the mechanism of public-private partnerships.
This paper examines the salinity stress effect in vitro culture of microshoots of 10 birch clones: Betula pendula L., B. pendula Roth var. carelica (Mercklin) Hämet-Ahti, B. pendula f. ’dalecarlica’ (L.f.) Schneid., B. pubescens Ehrh. We used economically valuable and genetically diverse (various species, varieties, hybrids, polyploids) birch material from in vitro clone collection. We tested 3 in vitro selection methods on 1/2 MS hormone-free nutrient medium: mild – with a prolonged exposure to 0.2% NaCl; gradual – with a step-by-step increase in osmotic concentration (from 0.2% to 1%); severe – with a sublethal (1%) NaCl concentration. We established that the gradual method of NaCl exposure according to the following pattern: 0.2% → 0% → 0.5% → 0% → 0.75% → 0% → 1.0% resulted in the best selective effect for birch, as it provides a clear differentiation of clones in terms of their salinity tolerance. We identified that the genotype had a significant impact on the preservation of the explants and their ability to regenerate under salinity stress. The study showed that tetraploid clones of downy birch and a triploid clone of Karelian birch of a pronounced mixoploid nature had the greatest salinity tolerance.
Приведены результаты научных исследований ВНИИЛГИСбиотеха по селекции сосны и многолетних наблюдений за состоянием деревьев разных селекционных категорий в очагах корневой губки. Исследования проводились в естественных и искусственных насаждениях в разных экологических условиях. В качестве показателя биологической смолопродуктивности применялся выход живицы с единицы ранения при одинаковой средней для насаждения нагрузке деревьев в расчете на 1 см диаметра ствола. Взаимовлияние штаммов патогенна и триходермы исследовалось в лабораторных условиях на искусственной сусло- агаровой питательной среде. Установлены высокий уровень наследования селектируемого признака как при вегетативном, так и семенном способах размножения, и корреляция устойчивости сосны к корневой губке со смолопродуктивной способностью деревьев, что является биологической основой для создания на селекционной основе высокосмолопродуктивных насаждений целевого назначения повышенной устойчивости к корневой губке. Показано, что катастрофическое распространение болезни сосны в Европейской части России является следствием интенсивной вырубки естественных лесов, выращивания монокультур хвойных пород на нелесных площадях и отсутствия эффективных мер борьбы с патогеном. Не решают проблему и сплошные санитарные рубки, с применением которых высококачественная сырорастущая древесина переводится в сухостой и происходит преждевременный распад насаждений. Обоснована возможность селекции сосны по комплексу хозяйственно-ценных признаков. Разработана схема селекционного процесса по созданию на селекционной основе высокосмолопродуктивных насаждений сосны обыкновенной целевого назначения повышенной биологической устойчивости к корневой губке. Для противодействия патогену необходимо разработать и внедрить в лесохозяйственное производство комплекс превентивных мер, направленных не на борьбу с патогеном в поражённых и разрушающихся лесных массивах, а на создание устойчивых насаждений. We present the scientific findings obtained by the Research Institute of Forest Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology through the researches on the pine breeding and the results of the long-term observations over the trees of different selective categories in the nidi of annosum root rot (Heterobasidion annosum). The researches were conducted in natural and planted forests under different environmental conditions. We used soft resin yield from one surface wound per 1 cm of the trunk diameter (given equal average for this forest stand tapping intensity) as a resin productivity criterion. The mutual influence of pathogenic strains and trichoderma (Trichodermae viridi Sp.) was studied in laboratory conditions on a wort-agar growth medium. We have stated high level of resin productivity inheritance through both vegetative and seed propagation and a strong correlation between pine-tree’s resistance to annosum root rot and its resin productivity. This fact should be used as a biological basis for creation of purpose-oriented forest stands with high level of resin productivity which will be highly resistant to annosum root rot. We have also shown that the catastrophic expansion of the pathogen in the European part of Russia is due to intensive harvesting in indigenous forests, cultivation of conifers monocultures on non-forest areas and the lack of effective methods for control of the pathogen. Sanitation clear felling does not solve the problem, because its use transforms high-quality raw wood into deadwood and leads to premature forest degradation. We have scientifically proven the possibility of pine breeding for the set of valuable characteristics. We have also devised a breeding process scheme for creation of special purpose-oriented highly resistant to annosum root rot plantations of Scots pine with high level of resin productivity. In order to prevent further spread of the pathogen our forestry needs a set of preventive measures and we should focus on creation of sustainable forest stands instead of fighting the pathogen in already affected and decaying forests.
The article deals with the general approach of the existing definitions of innovation and their classification. It describes the current state of research activities in the forestry sector and the prospects for its development in priority areas. The features of the stages of the innovation process of creating product innovations in the field of forest genetics and selection are examined. The characteristics of product innovation in the forestry building on the experience of the Research Institute of Forest Genetics and Selection are investigated.
In vitro modelling of stress is one of the promising avenues for plant breeding for tolerance to negative environmental factors. In this study we examined the effect of NaCl (0.5%) on callusogenesis and morphogenesis of stem explants of different birch genotypes: Betula pendula Roth, B. pendula Roth var. carelica (Mercklin) Hämet-Ahti, B. pendula f. ‘dalecarlica’ (L.f.) Schneid., B. pubescens Ehrh. In our experiments we used pre-selected microclones from our in vitro collection on NaCl (0.2-1.0%) selective media. The clones were contrasted by the degree of their sensitivity to salinity (so-called ‘stable’ and ‘sensitive’ microclones). With the use of stem callus cultures we identified informative, simple and reproducible indicators for the selection of salt-tolerant genotypes. Among these indicators were the frequency of callus formation and the viability of callus cultures, which were significantly higher in ‘stable’ group of microclones. Polyploid birch clones (2n=4x=56, 2n=3x=42) were more resistant to salination compared to diploid clones (2n=28). Our study has shown that the selection of salt-tolerant birch lines can be based on the plants’ genetic diversity presented in the collection (various species, varieties, hybrids, polyploids) and manifested in the process of in vitro cultivation, as well as in the cellular heterogeneity of callus cultures.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.