Introduction. Everyday, hundreds ideas of innovative technologies are developed, and thousands innovative products and services are implemented. The practice of criminal proceedings does not stand aside these processes. In recent years, foreign specialists have been increasingly focusing on 3D scanning technologies and the poten tial of their use in investigations.Problem Statement. The problem of 3D technologies in the criminalistic practice has not been sufficiently developed in Ukrainian science, and the idea of using 3D technologies for fixing evidence, as well as tracing the evidence and corpus delicti is only at the initial stage of development. In the future, focus on active implementation of 3D scanning technologies in forensic activities is expected to increase.Purpose. On the basis of generalization of international experience, a systematic review of the advantages of using 3D scanning technologies in criminal proceedings has been carried out, and the prospects for the transfer of these innovations to the criminalistic practice in Ukraine have been outlined. Materials and Methods. Comparative analysis, formal and logical methods.Results. The use of 3D scanning technologies is a unique way of fixing the information about a criminal offense, which provides access to the virtual image of the crime scene for all participants of the criminal process. An investigator, a prosecutor, a judge, and a juror can visualize the crime scene using 3D model. The advantages of this process are universality, portability, agility, ease of use, efficiency, safety, multi-functionality, and cost effectiveness.Conclusions. The world practice of police services has proved the expediency of using laser scanning while investigating criminal offenses. Ukraine is also expected to make a progress in the technological support of police and expert services, insofar as effective counteraction to modern crimes without innovations is an impossible mission. K e y w o r d s : innovation, 3D scanning, reconstruction, virtual model, criminal proceedings, crime scene, and police.the Law of ukraine no. 40-Iv of 04.07.2002 on Innovation activity defines the concept of "innovations", by which the legislator suggests newly created (applied) and (or) improved competitive technologies, products or services, as well as organizational and tech-
презентує огляд елементів системи забезпечення судово-експертної діяльності у кримінальному провадженні. Такий системний підхід дозволяє в перспективі визначити напрямки оптимізації процесу використання спеціальних знань у кримінальному провадженні. У статті розглянуто вісім основних компонентів забезпечення судовоекспертної діяльності: 1) науково-теоретичне (розробка наукового обґрунтування, практичної діяльності, зв'язку науки і практики, концептуалізація науки судової експертології); 2) нормативно-правове (вдосконалення правового регулювання інституту судових експертиз); 3) організаційно-управлінське (забезпечення організації структури експертних органів та служб, взаємодії з правоохоронними органами для реалізації цілей кримінального провадження); 4) кадрове (реалізація політики щодо комплектації експертних установ кваліфікованими фахівцями); 5) методичне (розробка ефективних новітніх методик проведення досліджень, механізму їх реєстрації та внесення змін); 6) матеріально-технічне (оснащення лабораторій сучасним обладнанням, впровадження міжнародного стандарту ISO/IEC 17025:2005 (General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories) і т.д.); 7) інформаційне (створення умов для ефективної роботи з інформацією, формування спеціалізованих банків даних для потреб кримінального судочинства тощо); 8) фінансове (гарантування відшкодування витрат проведення експертиз, відкриття нових лабораторій, фінансування дослідницьких проектів у сфері forensic science тощо). Авторкою підкреслено, що успішною може вважатися реалізація тільки комплексного підходу до питання забезпечення судовоекспертної діяльності.Ключові слова: судовий експерт, судова експертиза, кримінальне провадження, забезпечення, системна парадигма.
In the study, the author's attention is focused on the issues of content and form as important components of a balanced model of criminal proceedings. The balance of content and form ensures the performance of procedural functions, the use of rights and powers, the defense of legal positions and the application of norms based on the rule of law. It was determined that the content of criminal proceedings in a broad sense reflects its internal quality, determines the meaning of existence, teleological and axiological components. The form presents the external quality, is a kind of documentary-procedural "shell". The form of criminal proceedings objectifies, concretizes and broadcasts abstract content in law enforcement activities by implementing rules, procedures, requirements, orders, standards, etc. The article examines the multiplicity of approaches to determining content and form, which are used in legislation and discussed in scientific doctrine. Special attention is paid to the issue of unification and differentiation of the form of criminal proceedings. In addition, the author's thoughts on the concept of procedural "formalism" are presented in the study. It is proposed to distinguish standard formalism as an integral attribute of criminal proceedings in a democratic, legal state, aberrational formalism (from Latin aberratio – deviation, distortion) as a harmful phenomenon, and hybrid formalism (from Latin hybrida – mixing) as an objectively existing phenomenon in law enforcement practice. It was established that the key difference between aberrational formalism and violations of the procedural form is that such formalism does not go beyond the legal field, then the violation (substantial or insignificant, obvious or not obvious) is always outside the law. The conclusions emphasize that the content of criminal proceedings should correspond to the form, and the form should convey the content. Together, they build a complete system that transforms the principles of criminal proceedings from the state of abstract constructions to a real result in practice. Risks of imbalance in the dichotomy "content - form" in criminal proceedings arise due to inconsistency. This inconsistency can be determined by the shortcomings of the standard formalism, the existence of an aberrational formalism, and potentially increases with the hybrid formalism.
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