The article is addressed to the problem of neuroadaptation in the brain system of emotional reinforcement under alcohol dependence. The level of anxiety, the functional state of the positive emotional reinforcement system, the electrogenesis of the structures of the brain limbic-neocortical system, levels of dopamine in n.accumbens and hypothalamus were studied in an experiment on animals. Particular attention is paid to the transcutaneous allotransplantation of the embryonic hippocampal tissue as a biological approach to suppressing of craving for alcohol intake. It has been shown that allotransplantation reduces alcohol motivation by restructuring of neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms in the system of positive reinforcement. Key words: alcohol dependence model, electrical activity of the brain, emotional system of the brain, transcutaneousallotransplantation of embryonic tissue,dopamine

We estimated the efficacy of Brizantin preparation in suppressing nicotine dependence in rats. It was shown that nicotine-dependent rats in the situation of choice between the chamber with smoke or the chamber with food more frequently entered the chamber with tobacco smoke and stayed there longer. The rats that received Brizantin demonstrated significantly fewer visits to the chamber with smoke and spent there less time. Reduced locomotor activity and orientation and exploratory behavior in rats against the background of Brizantin administration also suggest reduced motivation for smoke inhalation. Thus, Brizantin effectively diminished nicotine dependence in rats in the model of nicotine addiction.

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The aim of our research was to study the limbic-neocortical mechanisms of addictive behaviour in rats formed throughthe arousal of intense emotions on the model of self-stimulation reaction of the brain. We carried out investigations by conducting a chronic experiment on 15 nonlinear laboratory male rats weighing 250 to 320 grams, at the ages of 5 to 6 months. As a model of receiving positive emotions we used the behaviour of animals held in a Skinner box which was formed through self stimulation of the positive emotional zones of the posterior ventrolateral hypothalamus. We registered the frequency of self-stimulation reactions of the ventrolateral hypothalamus daily for 4 days and on the 7th day after its ccessation (state of deprivation). We performed visual and spectral analysis of the electrical activity of the brain using "Neuron-spektr.net" software. We assessed the absolute spectral density of the power of rhythm signals of the following frequency bands: delta (0.5–4.0 Hz), theta (4.0–7.0 Hz), alpha (8.0–12.0 Hz) and low frequency beta (14.0–20.0 Hz). The formation of behaviour dependent on receiving intense emotions as a result of self-stimulation of the positive zones of the ventrolateral hypothalamus is caused by the initial high level of need for positive emotional reinforcement and further growth in the implementation of desire and is associated with activation of emotional memory mechanisms, changes in electrogenesis in the hippocampus and the reticular formation in the form of decrease in the spectral power of rhythms of alpha and beta bands and increased spectral power of biopotentials of the delta range in the hippocampus and theta range in the reticular formation with severe manifestations of seizure and paroxysmal activity components and increased activity of the sympatho-adrenal system. The syndrome of withdrawal fromthe receiving of positive emotions in some rats with implementation of a programme of a phobic character with an increase in beta rhythms in all thestudied structures, and among other rats with implementation of a programme of an aggressive character, which was characterized by increased electrical seizure activity in the hippocampus, is caused by oppression of electrogenesis in the hypothalmus and replacement of slow wave activity in the reticular formation at high frequency rhythms in the alpha-theta range.

In an experiment in rats with electrolytic lesion of the compact part of substantia nigra (SN) and after allotransplantation of the embryonic tissue of SN in the caudate nucleus the features of movement and emotional behavior in the Open Field Test (OFT), the rotation movements caused by an administration of amphetamine, a content of catecholamines in the caudate nucleus, hypothalamus and blood plasma have been investigated. It is shown that the electrolytic lesion causes violations of the statokinetic reflexes, the horizontal and the vertical movement activity, enhances the rotatory behavior, slow the orienttate-searching and the emotional reactions that combined with disbalance in dopamine-and noradrenalinetransmitter systems functioning. Allotransplantation of the embryonic dofaminsynthesizing brain tissue contributes to the restoration of movement activeity and its specific neurotransmitter ensuring.

Neurophysiological and biochemical markers of alcohol dependence were identified in a study conducted in laboratory rats at the systemic and molecular levels. It has been shown that long-term alcohol consumption is accompanied by an increase in dopamine levels in the ventral tegmental area and a decrease in GABA and BDNF levels in the hippocampus and serum and leads to attenuation of neocortex control of the limbic emotional-motivational system of the brain. Disturbance of the mechanisms of structural and functional organization of wake-sleep processes and regulation of emotional reactions, which is reflected in the suppression of slow-wave sleep, reduction of paradoxical sleep, inhibition of positive emotional centers, the development of anxiety and depression have been determined. Key words: alcohol dependence, sleep-wake, anxiety, depression, catecholamines, GABA, BDNF

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In chronic experiments on 20 mongrel male rats of pubertate age (3 months), we studied the electrical activity of the structures of the limbico-neocortical system and reactions of self-stimulation of the positive emotiogenic zones in the ventralateral hypothalamus under conditions of addiction to vapors of an organic solvent, No. 646. It is shown that the state of addiction to inhalant vapors results in modifications of behavioral reactions, modulation of electrical activity in the neocortex, hippocampus, and medial olfactory region with increases in the powers of some spectral components, and intensification of the reaction of self-stimulation of the positive emotiogenic zones in the ventralateral hypothalamus.