Polychaetes of the northwestern Black Sea (NWBS) were sampled in January 2005 at 4 sites comprising 32 stations. The 4 sites have different anthropogenic loads, different depths (<10 m, 11-20 m, 21-30 m, >30 m) and different substrates (shelly, silty). The species composition of polychaetes in Black Sea meiobenthic communities has not previously been studied. Twenty polychaete species belonging to 11 families, the Phyllodocidae, Nephtyidae, Polynoidae, Sigalionidae, Nereidae, Syllidae, Hesionidae, Protodrilidae, Spionidae, Capitellidae and Ampharetidae, were recorded. The polychaete density varied with depth and type of substrate from 500 ind. m -2 to 66,000 ind. m -2 .
In this work we present statistics data about number, nature and cause of underground fiber-optic communications lines damage, implemented on nonarmored and armored cables of transport telecommunications primary network, for example, Donetsk, Lviv and Odessa regions in terms from 2001 to 2010 years.Reliability problem of fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL) includes a very wide range of issues related to the design and manufacture of their components, as well as the design, construction and maintenance and exploitation.In turn, the need to calculate the reliability of a fiber optic cable appears because of different reasons: to determine the reliability of the cable line in order to identify its compliance with the requirements of the charges against her, for comparative quality assessment of individual lines, the quality of the different types of optical cables in certain circumstances, to identify the expected reliability of the designed routes, etc.[1].Calculation of the reliability of existing or planned FOCL is possible based on the collection and processing of statistical data on operating time, duration, quantity, nature and cause of their damages. These data allow us to establish the average performance indicators of FOCL: the density of damage (m), failure intensity ( ), the average time of communication recovery ( rav t ) and the average time of communication total recovery ( trav t ) [1, 2]. Nowadays, in works, such as [1 -3], and given reasonable approaches to statistical quality of the fiber-optic communication lines. In [1] presented statistical data reliability characteristics (m, , rav t , trav t ) for a five-year life of underground fiber-opticbased armored and non-armored optic cable of telecommunication transport primary networks of the Ukraine and Donetsk and Lugansk regions from 2001 to 2005 years. In [1] indicates that the data can be used as a first approximation to calculate the performance of quality of underground fiber optic lines in Donetsk and Lugansk regions and the whole Ukraine.However, the accuracy of statistical performance indicators of the quality of work that characterizes the reliability of FOCL, is not final, since it requires the collection and analysis of statistical data on the number, nature and causes damages to fiber optic transport and local primary telecommunication networks under different conditions of the area of the Ukraine and for a longer period of operation. In addition, real time in technical and scientific literature are not available starting materials for the calculation of operational quality of the fiber FOCL of the Ukraine.Therefore, the goal of this work is to obtain a more reliable source of data for the calculation of operational quality of underground FOCL based on statistical data processing operation of telecommunication transport primary networks of the Ukraine, for example, three different conditions of the area of the Ukraine: Donetsk region -the flat part, Lviv region -a mountain part and Odessa region -a part of the Black Sea, in the period...
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of productivity in developed countries, including EU countries and Ukraine. Hypotheses about the identity of the deindustrialization factor as the main cause for productivity decrease for both the Ukrainian economy and the economic systems of developed countries are verified. Purpose of the article: To develop a comprehensive methodological approach to strategizing and state regulation of the business environment based on guidelines developed according to the results of a comparative analysis of the productivity of entrepreneurial activities and focused on maximizing the creation of added value, which is a criterion for increasing the productivity of entrepreneurial activities. Methods used: A review of the scientific literature, a comparative analysis of the productivity of entrepreneurial activity in developed countries and Ukraine, including time series analysis, calculating growth rates of per capita value-added, and factor analysis of key obstacles that hinder the growth of the productivity of innovative entrepreneurial activity. The contribution made to the theory and methodology of productivity includes the proposed definition of the economic category “productivity of entrepreneurial activity”; general methodological principles of forming a strategy for improving the productivity of entrepreneurial activities are established; taking into account the best international experience, the main principles of state regulation of the entrepreneurial environment are laid down; it is established that the purpose of the strategy for improving the productivity of entrepreneurial activity is to provide the state with favorable business conditions, i.e., to create a favorable entrepreneurial environment and make it possible to identify and use hidden assets of entrepreneurial structures to develop value-added chains, the growth of which is a criterion for increasing productivity.
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