This review article summarizes current understanding of the microbiota development in neonatal mammals based on the results of modern experimental studies in animals focusing on three aspects: initial colonization, microbiota effect on the immune function of the developing newborn animal intestine and external factors influencing the microbiome shaping during the juvenile period. The presented study results confirm that the microbial landscape correction is the most important factor for animal health improvement since healthy microflora contributes to the intestinal infection frequency and intensity reduction, and this, in turn, minimizes the use of antibiotics. The microbiome is known to have an impact on the immune system development, metabolic processes and even on the ethology, so an atypical microbial population can cause immune and metabolic disorders. The active interaction between microorganisms and the host organism begins already at birth. Even different modes of delivery (caesarean or vaginal delivery) may determine the initial colonization of the newborn. The animal genetics, nutrition and environment also influence the intestinal microbiota development. In this regard, further studies of probiotics are important to understand their efficacy for diarrhea prevention and treatment, their use as an alternative to antibiotics as well as for enhancement of the animal resistance to stress factors.
In order to increase the post-vaccination immune response during vaccination of calves against salmonellosis, a test was carried out with an inactivated emulsified vaccine against the background of the use of the probiotic Profort. The studies were carried out on the basis of a large livestock farm in the Voronezh region, unfavorable for salmonellosis of calves. Epizootological, clinical, immunological, hematological, molecular genetic research methods were used in the work. Studies have shown that vaccination of calves against salmonellosis against the background of the use of the probiotic preparation Profort with an inactivated emulsified vaccine contributed to the development of intense cellular immunity – an increase in the total number of lymphocytes and T-cells by 7.0%, B-cells – by 2.8%%, phagocytic activity of neutrophils - by 5.9%, phagocytic number – by 7.2%, phagocytic index – by 7.0%, as well as humoral immunity factors – BaS by 3.0%, LaS – by 3.0%%, CaS – by 1.7%, O- and H-agglutinins to salmonella antigen – 1.5 and 2 times, respectively. The use of Profort increases the protective properties of the vaccine against salmonellosis, helps to reduce the incidence by 13.3%, and increase the safety of young animals by 26.6%. Therefore, to optimize the use of Profort probiotic, it is necessary to take into account its immunomodulatory effect.
The milk from cows suffering from mastitis often contains pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microflora, which presents a serious social and economic problem. Bacteriological and mycological examination at a dairy plant in Voronezhskaya oblast in the Russian Federation allowed diagnosing 37.3% of cows at the end of the lactation period with subclinical mastitis, which is due to the association of potentially pathogenic microorganisms with low sensitivity to a number of antibiotics. It was found that dienomast and the 0.01% solution of miramistin have the same therapeutical compatibility rate when introduced intracisternally before the drying off (93.3%). However, miramistin shows a better effect in the long term, i.e. after calving (by 15.5%). It was first ascertained that the combined use of both agents allows improving the preventive treatment of subclinical mastitis while maintaining up to 95.6% of the therapeutic effect after calving, which is better than when using each of the agents separately by 7.6% and 33.1% respectively. The intracisternally introduced miramistin ejects from the body together with milk within 24 hours.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.