Orthokeratology is a method of correction of ametropia, which has been widely used throughout the world. In the presented review, based on the data of domestic and foreign literature, possible undesirable phenomena that occur when using orthokeratological lenses are described. Scien¬tists come to the conclusion that, despite the possibility of complications, the risk of undesired symptoms is significant¬ly reduced when the rules of the use and care of orthokera¬tology lenses are strictly followed, and that their incidence is less frequent than when using soft contact lenses.
Accommodation disorders in young people are more common than diagnosed. This review is based on the data of domestic and foreign literature and studies the effect of contact lenses of various designs on accommodation. Particular attention has been given to bifocal soft contact lenses as one of the recognized interventions for treating juvenile progressive myopia and their ability to slow axial elongation. Key words: accommodation, myopia control, bifocal contact lenses, orthokeratology.
The increasing prevalence of myopia is observed all over the world, and Russia is no exception. In this regard, obtaining new data on its epidemiology among children and assessing methods of its control in real clinical practice are highly topical matters.Purpose. The purpose of this work was to assess the current issues of the epidemiology and treatment of progressive myopia in children in various regions of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective multicenter epidemiological observational questionnaire study. This study involved 106 doctors from 53 regions of Russia and 2931 parents of myopic children.Results. 50% of the surveyed doctors noted that the manifestation of myopia is diagnosed in children aged 10–12 years, while 43% noted the same in children aged 7–9 years. According to 74.5% of doctors, the degree of the newly diagnosed myopia ranges from –1.25 to –3.00 diopters, 25.5% of doctors reported that it is below –1.0 diopters. The majority of doctors (73.6%) assess accommodation in myopic children, considering it one of the progression factors. 52.9% of ophthalmologists prescribe optical correction in cases when monocular distance visual acuity amounts to 0.6 (decimal scale) or lower values, while 29.2%, 16% and 1.9% of the surveyed ophthalmologists prescribe optical correction in cases when monocular distance visual acuity amounts to 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 respectively.The following optical methods for juvenile myopia control are recommended by the doctors: orthokeratology contact lenses (53.8%), spectacles for full correction (51.9%), peripheral defocus-inducing (bifocal) soft contact lenses (18.9%), while 4.7% of the surveyed doctors utilized other methods of myopia control, which were not indicated in the questionnaire.Conclusion. In most cases, manifestation of myopia is diagnosed in children aged 7–12 years. Its degree ranges from –1.25 to –3.0 diopters, which indicates its late diagnosis; optical correction is prescribed mainly in cases when monocular distance visual acuity is 0.6 or lower; most ophthalmologists assess accommodation in myopic children, considering it a progression factor. As methods of myopia control, doctors utilize optical correction, device-assisted therapy and pharmacological treatment of accommodative disorders, while parents prefer methods that require minimum time expenditures.
Orthokeratology (OK) is a therapy aimed at correcting refractive errors by briefly changing a curvature of the corneal surface through the programmed use of rigid gas permeable reverse geometry contact lenses.The method is currently widespread, especially in children, because of the number of advantages, and has also proved to be an effective way to slow progression of myopia.In this article it is discussed the difficulties encountered in the process of fitting orthokeratology contact lenses (OK-lens) by specialists with different training levels as well as the reasons of difficulties. Recommendations are given on how to avoid these problems and how to solve them in order to make the fitting of OK-lens more effective and comfortable for both the practitioner and the patient and to ensure their safe use.
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