At present, in many regions of the Russian Federation, post-harvest processing of grain is carried out directly on the farms themselves. Produced grain is mainly used for fodder and seed purposes. This is predetermined by difficult weather conditions, and freshly harvested grain is fed to the post-harvest treatment unevenly, it has high humidity and debris, a significant heterogeneity of seeds by ripeness. Machines and equipment of grain cleaning and drying stations and complexes do not fully comply with the properties of the grain pile, which leads to a decrease in their throughput, disruption of processing, the accumulation of large masses of raw grain heap, lengthening the time of harvest, increased losses and reduced quality seeds. Reception and temporary storage of a pile of grain in aerated receiving bunkers with forced ventilation of the pile causes an improvement in the technological properties of the seeds, a decrease in humidity and grain contamination. The use of aerated bunkers for receiving and temporary storage of a grain heap, increase the energy consumption for grain cleaning and heating of the heap. The reduction of specific energy consumption for the operation “Reception of a grain heap” is possible by optimizing both the design parameters and the operating modes of aerated bunkers. The research of the authors showed that the preliminary drying of the grain heap can improve the productivity of the heap cleaner, improve the flowability of the grain pile, the working conditions of the gravity flow devices and the quality of the preliminary cleaning of the grain. The inclusion of the heat generator in the technology of post-harvest processing of grain and the use of heated air in the operations of receiving and pre-cleaning the grain leads to a decrease in the moisture content and grain contamination, an increase in the supply of heap of grain, as well as to the intensification of subsequent technological operations. The paper presents a model of the functioning of the technological process of post-harvest grain processing in the receiving and pre-cleaning unit of the grain pile.
In order to study the significance of the impact of wear on the working surfaces of parts of the intermediate gear assembly on the amount of plunger dead stroke and, therefore, on the cycle feed and advance fuel injection angle, we analyzed the critical positions of the parts of the assembly without the repair of its geometric parameters. In the process, the working surfaces of parts and mates are subject to intensive wear, which leads to an increase in the radial play of the intermediate gear. With the help of the developed device, the intermediate gears of the first and second pump sections of 70 ND-22/6 pumps from among the repair stock were examined at the specialized workshop of OAO “Yantikovskoe RTP”. From an analysis of the results of statistical processing of the backlash values in the nodes under study, it follows that in 75% of pumps the value of the radial play of the intermediate gear exceeds the allowable value for the first pumping section and 72% of the pumps for the second section. The paper proposes a method for determining the radial play of the intermediate gear drive of the plunger rotation drive of the distribution type pump. The design of the device for the in-place determination of the radial play of parts in the nodes of intermediate gears is given. Statistical indicators of the radial play of the intermediate gears of the plunger rotation mechanism were obtained. The percentage of shelf life of distribution type pumps is determined by the parameters of the technical condition of the intermediate gear assemblies. According to the research results, it was proposed to transfer the intermediate gear assemblies of the ND-22/6 pumps to the category of repair kits with their obligatory replacement when replacing pump sections.
The stability of the values of cyclic feeds and the angle of the actual beginning of the fuel supply largely depends on the presence of the injection valve of the fuel pump section and its design features. The valve must reliably separate the discharge line from the pre-plunger space and, within certain limits, ensure the residual pressure in the discharge line between cycles. However, the installation of the valve causes a repeated reflection from the valve of the pressure impulses, that follow from the nozzle and leads to the appearance of additional injections or a sluggish fit of the needle on the sprayer seat. In order to eliminate negative consequences, double-acting injection valves are installed on distribution-type pumps, in which the pressure impulses are extinguished by transferring fuel through an additional non-return valve. The use of double-acting valves with non-return valves on distribution-type pumps ensures reliable unloading of the discharge pipe from the cut-off cavity. One of the main purposes of a non-return valve is to provide the necessary hydraulic density of the coupling pressure valve - non-return valve. Serial pumps are equipped with cross-shaped and round-shaped check valves in cross-section, which are designed to provide the same hydraulic tightness of the coupling pressure valve - non-return valve. In the course of research, the results of which are presented in the work, it was revealed that they have different sealing characteristics. In parallel, the characteristics of a triangular and square check valve in cross section were investigated. As a result of research, it was found that square valves have the best sealing characteristics. In the course of the research, it was also revealed that serial check valves of cruciform and round shapes do not provide their functional interchangeability, since they have different abilities to ensure hydraulic tightness of the interface with the discharge valve - non-return valve. Square-shaped check valves in cross-section are more technological to manufacture.
Based on experimental studies, a technique was proposed for comparing the areas of compaction by tractor propulsors in field conditions and in the aisle interval, the zones of inefficient and intensive use of the hopper space were determined and the solution of the problem of the optimization of the aisle zones was given. The results of experimental studies of the density of soil composition on hop crops are summarized in caterpillar compaction (LLC “Agrokhmel” of Vournarsky District, Chuvash Republic) and wheeled tractors (KOPKh “Leninskaya iskra” of Yadrinsky District, Chuvash Republic). In the first case, the T-54B tracked tractor was used, and in the second - the MTZ-921 wheeled tractor. The soils under the hops in LLC “Agrokhmel” are predominantly dark gray forest soils with an average humus content of 4.1% at a depth of 0.2 m, in KOPKh “Leninskaya iskra” - gray forest with a humus content of 2.9% (at a depth of 0, 2 m). According to the results of the implementation of soil sections on the hop-growers of the Chuvash Republic, it has been established that at the depth of the arable layer 0 ... 0.3 m there are no completely hop roots between traces of tractor passage. Analyzes of shear vertical deformation under the trail of the tractor’s wheel and its propagation along the depth show that after a threefold passage along the same trail, the displacement of soil layers practically ceases, while at the same time, in modern hone-growing technologies, up to 12 ... 14 passes intercoupling. To improve the conditions for growing hops, a quantitative reduction in the blocked zone of the hop-crop intervals is necessary. The study found that the density of the composition of the soil active hop under the tracks of the tractor T-54B is greater than under the wheel tractor MTZ-921. The resulted analytical decisions have shown that the zone of intensive usage of the hop-crop spacing more than 60% is achieved with the use of tractors T-54B and T-25A with the smallest rim when planting the hop sprocket with a spacing of 3.33 m.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.