Plants are constantly exposed to various types of environmental stresses, which negatively affect the productivity of agricultural crops. Complex multicellular organisms must efficiently and rapidly respond to a wide variety of environmental stimuli, both abiotic (e.g., drought or salinity) and biotic (e.g., bacterial infections). These pathways require unique and highly coordinated molecular responses that are achieved through the differential regulation of the genome to generate specific transcriptomes and proteomes for each environmental condition and cell type (Martín et al., 2021).Stress factors cause numerous perturbations in plant metabolism, and consequently can lead to abnormal development and even death. Plants, as organisms leading a stationary lifestyle, cannot avoid the source of stress, therefore they have developed specific defence mechanisms that lead to reprogramming of cellular metabolism and activation of immune system reactions, which effectively allow them to overcome adverse environmental conditions and

The work of René Char remains poorly studied in Ukrainian literary criticism, and there are few translations published. In this paper, attempts were made to translate some of René Char's poems from the poetry collection "Fureur et mystère" (Rage and Mystery), which is central to his work. The analysis points out both the advantages and disadvantages of the translators' work. The intertextual connection between the poems "Allégeance" and "Allégement" is revealed and its importance for the interpretation of both texts is shown. This overlap was not shown in the translation. Ways were found to convey this connection within the poem itself, but the option of conveying it in the title was suggested. Some general difficulties that may arise during translation are identified, related to the transmission of rhythm, meter, graphics of the poem, syntax, as well as the figurative component of René Char's poetry. It has been established that the hermeticity of his poems is absolute: interpretation requires knowledge of the historical, cultural, and biographical contexts, as well as an in-depth familiarity with other poems by Char. However, the latter condition cannot be fulfilled by foreign-language readers. As we have discussed above, his works lack translations. So far, no translation of the entire book of poems has been made, and translators (including us) are working on translations selectively. Thus, in the course of our work, we discovered problems related to the translation of René Char's poems. In our translations, we tried to convey the original text with maximum accuracy, although this was not always possible. Considering the difficulties reflected in our comments on the translations, translations of other poems may be performed.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of translation scientific articles’ annotations with the help of freely redistributable software products, in particular Google Translate and Pereklad.online.ua which are the most popular in Ukraine. Universal characteristics for this type of texts, compositional structure and methods of their lexical and grammatical design, as well as the possibility of translating into English, both with the help of free software products and professional translators have been determined. It is established that the annotation accelerates the work with the text, as it includes the brief content of the text itself and helps to determine the further work with it. Thanks to the annotation, the reader will be familiar with the subject matter of the text, its relevance and the main idea. It has been found out that by creating the text of the annotation, the author of the scientific publication himself, in his own discretion, determines its relevance, novelty, and also the volume of cognitive information necessary in his opinion sufficient for the future reader of this scientific product. The scientific and technical vocabulary of the annotation serves for the most accurate description and explanation of certain facts, therefore nouns, adjectives and impersonal forms of the verb predominate in it, and the personal forms of the verb are more often used in the passive state. The annotation should be translated in English with the preservation of the relative equality of the content, semantic, stylistic and functional-communicative information contained in the original and the translation, at the same time a certain evidence, reasoning is required. Translation of annotations is a quite difficult long-term process, in the case of misunderstanding the content of the annotationor ignorance of scientific and technical terminology it may occur distortion of the content of the article. Scientific and technical translation does not tolerate the duality of the content and distortion of the terms used. The scientific style of the annotation has its own characteristics and the translation from Ukrainian into English requires the translator to correlate grammatical constructions and lexical material of one language to another, taking into account the features of the scientific style as a whole. It should be noted that for now the machine translation system is playing only a supporting role and allows to translate satisfactorily only simple syntactic and lexical constructions.

У статті висвітлений комунікативно-прагматичний аспект конфліктної взаємодії. Представлений матеріал про комунікативні стратегії в конфліктних ситуаціях (співробітництво, компроміс, уникнення, пристосування, суперництво, придушення, переговори), їхні тактичні складники, переваги й недоліки. З"ясовано, що кожна зі сторін у конфлікті обирає форму поведінки, котрої дотримується упродовж конфліктної взаємодії. Вибір стратегії зумовлений індивідуальними особливостями та соціальними установками учасників конфлікту. У світлі останніх подій у суспільнополітичному житті нашої країни особливої актуальності набуває проблема збереження психічного здоров"я, уміння ефективної взаємодії під час конфліктів у публічній, зокрема інтернет-комунікації, адже дискурсивна діяльність у цій царині значною мірою зумовлена рівнем загальної комунікативної грамотності й культури і в ідеальному вигляді вимагає значних зусиль для толерантного ставлення до партнерів по комунікації. Цивілізована конфліктність-важливий крок у розвитку суспільства, у бажанні змінити його на краще. Тому об"єктом нашого спостереження стало ставлення до конфліктів та рекомендації щодо поведінки в конфліктних ситуаціях очільниці МОЗ України У. Супрун. Проаналізовані загальна комунікативностратегічна зорієнтованість, специфіка використання мовних засобів (антонімів, метафори, паралелізму, ампліфікації, гри слів, алюзії та інших) і крос-культурна складова її публічної риторики. Ключові слова: конфлікт; комунікативна стратегія; комунікативна тактика; У. Супрун; компроміс; мовні засоби. Dyachenko Nataliia. Сonflicts: communicative-pragmatic aspect. The article outlines the communicative-pragmatic aspect of conflict interaction. The material aboutcommunicative strategies in conflict situations (cooperation, compromise, avoidance, adaptation, rivalry, suppression, negotiations), their tactical components, advantages and disadvantages is presented. It has been found that each of the parties ofthe conflict chooses the form of behavior that is followed during the conflict interaction. The choice of strategy is determined by the individual features and social attitudes of the parties to the conflict. In the light of the recent events in the socio-political life of our country the problem of maintaining mental health, the ability to cooperate effectively during conflicts in public, in particular Internet communication, becomes a matter of particular importance. Discursive activity in this area is largely due to the level of the general communicative literacy and culture and it ideally requires considerable effort for a tolerant attitude towards communication partners. Civilized conflict is an important step in the development of society, in the desire to change it for the better. Therefore, the object of observation is the head of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine U. Suprun"s attitude towards conflicts and recommendations on behavior in conflict situations. The general communicative-strategic orientation, the specifics of the use of linguistic means (antonyms, metaphors, paralle...