The article provides a comprehensive consideration of the notional modus frame of EMPATHY concept embodied in modern English discourse. It is aimed at analysing the grammatical parameters of the frame which encode semantic characteristics of EMPATHY concept (lexicalised by literal linguistic means) and their organisation in discourse. The grammatical parameters represent different slots of the frame: empathy (n)-INSTRUMENT/AGENT, empathiser (n)-AGENT/PATIENT, empathisee (occasionalism) (n)-PATIENT/AGENT, empathise (v)-ACTION, empathetic/empathic (adj), empathising (adj)-SUCH, empathetically/empathically (adv), empathisingly (adv)-SO. These slots speak for the diversity of the ways in which they have fixed the-grounding‖ of EMPATHY concept on a communicative situation. Applying corpus methodology, the research proves that in the human epistemic space the notional modus of EMPATHY concept exists as an abstract entity or idea about empathy rather than a specific event represented by the verb. Context analysis shows that at present the noun empathy has lost its original meaning of the ability to enter into emotional harmony with a certain work of art. The analysis of the British national corpus (BNC) allows making a conclusion that in the frame of the notional modus slots empathiser and empathisee are mostly irrelevant. In the semantics of the frame slots, there are numerous shifts of the prototype meaning based on extension, narrowing, metaphorical and metonymical transitions. However, they do not lead to the disintegration of the standard norm which is stored in the memory of the individual.
The article discusses the functioning of a concept from a linguosynergetic perspective as a spontaneous equipment of the structure of a homeostatic hierarchical complex organized as an open nonlinear system. The research is aimed to investigate the DEATH concept functioning from a linguosynergetic perspective and develop a model for understanding the synergistic interplay of linguistic and contextual factors in the conceptualization of death. To develop the main research hypothesis, general scientific methods like analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, explanation, and description are used. This system is characterized as an open one because it constantly interacts with the external world and is nonlinear, meaning that it has various options for development at the bifurcation point, but only one is chosen. This continuous process of structuring is known as emergence, which means the concept can adapt to new meanings based on the realities of the world around it. Emergence is a result of the selforganizing mechanism, where the system is reorganized and spontaneously equipped with elements that allow it to move to a new level of operation, while maintaining balance by outputting information from the system’s boundaries. However, the system is also influenced by external factors, which can cause conflict and lead to further reorganization. As a result, the emergence process is ongoing and dynamic, with the structure being both a consequence and a cause of the system`s development. Thus, the principle of self-organization, which is the key concept of synergetics, is founded on the notion of instability. In essence, self-organization refers to the spontaneous emergence of order in a system, which results from the interactions and interrelationships between the system`s components. As such, the concept of self-organization is closely linked to the idea of nonlinearity, which posits that small changes in the system`s components can lead to significant changes in the system`s behavior as a whole. In other words, the behavior of the system as a whole is not simply a sum of the behaviors of its individual components, but is instead an emergent property that arises from the complex interactions between those components. The formation of a new system is not merely a sum of its individual parts. This is, due to the way in which the components of the system connect with one another, a phenomenon known as coherence. Coherence acts as a means to coordinate the various components of the system so that they work together in harmony, rather than independently. Additionally, the system`s components change at different rates and are of varying quality. This process is responsible for the system`s evolutionary nature and reinforces the principle of evolutionary holism in synergetics. This principle is concerned with understanding the mechanisms by which the system`s components come together to form a whole. In summary, the concept is formed in the human mind through a collection of thoughts, which can take on various forms such as lexical and semantic fields, modes, frames, and emotions. The specific form the concept takes depends on the level at which the bifurcation point impacts the fluctuation of the conceptual structure and discursive environment. Essentially, the concept arises from a system that is in an unstable state and is subject to fluctuations that threaten its structure. When the system reaches the bifurcation point, the individual selects one of the possible models for the concept`s development, and this results in a transition from “chaos” to “order” as the concept gains verbal representation. The activation of a concept in one`s cognition occurs at different intensities and is dependent on several factors. These factors include the individual’s level of knowledge about the concept, their principles and beliefs, their interests, their life experiences, as well as extralinguistic factors. The activation of a concept can occur in varying degrees, with some individuals having a more profound understanding of a concept compared to others. Additionally, the process of concept activation can be influenced by external factors such as societal norms and cultural beliefs. Therefore, the way in which a person perceives and activates a concept is a complex and individualized process, influenced by both internal and external factors.
The focal topic of this paper is the discussion of a linguosynergic perspective on the analysis of a concept in modern linguistics. The study is informed by solid research in linguistic synergetics (Dombrovan, 2018), psycholinguistics (Zalevskaya, 2014), a theory of semantic constellations (Hardy, 1998), and a theory of modus models of concepts (Morozova, 2007; Nikitin, 2003). In the focus of attention are logical, identifying, and organizational modi of a concept. It is stated that activation of different modi in cognition occurs simultaneously, depends on the level of knowledge about a particular concept, ideological principles, value orientations, interests, life experience, extralinguistic factors, and is unique to each person. The process of self-organization of modi occurs due to internal factors, without external specific human influence. Will expression of an individual, together with the change of external conditions, can have only a stimulatory or inhibitory effect. As order parameters of the conceptual system leading it to the attractor (internal tendency to a relatively stable existence in discourse), the modi are able to cooperate or compete in the brain. If they compete, one of them prevails. In this case, the concept is quickly visualized in the cognitive system of a man and is easily differentiated in discourse. In the case of cooperation, the conceptual system uses a complex hierarchy of modi at the same time. Logical modus stimulates the emergence of irrational conceptualization – specific images, memories, fantasies, desires, patterns of mood and behavior, fragments of phrases, etc., which constitute identifying modus. At the same time, a person correlates the above-mentioned constituents of the concept with its intentional and implicational, involving organizational modus to work. Transformation of the structure at modi levels does not prevent the possibility of recognizing the concept, but rather contributes to its sustainable functioning as a systemic whole in a discursive environment. The analysis reveals that conceptual modi as system order parameters are forms of representation of different ways of comprehension and verbalization of holistic knowledge about the concept.
Íîâèé ìåòîä äîñëiäaeåííÿ ó ñó÷àñíèõ íàóêîâèõ ëiíãâiñòè÷íèõ ðîçâiäêàõ Íàòàëiÿ Òàöåíêî 1 Àíîòàöiÿ. Öåíòðàëüíîþ òåìîþ ñòàòòi ¹ îá ðóíòóâàííÿ ôðàêòàëüíîãî ïiäõîäó äî àíàëiçó äèñêóðñó â ñó÷àñíèõ ëiíãâiñòè÷íèõ äîñëiäaeåííÿõ. Ñòâåðäaeó¹òüñÿ, ùî ôðàêòàëüíèé ìåòîä àíàëiçó â äèñêóðñi öå âèçíà÷åííÿ ñàìîïîäiáíîñòi éîãî ñêëàäíèêiâ çàäëÿ áiëüø ãëèáîêîãî íàóêîâîãî ïiçíàííÿ òà ìîaeëèâîñòi ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ ïîÿâè òèõ ÷è iíøèõ åëåìåíòiâ äèñêóðñèâíî¨ñèñòåìè. Çà òàêîãî ïiäõîäó äèñêóðñ âèçíà÷à¹òüñÿ ÿê áàãàòîâèìiðíà ôðàêòàëüíî îðãàíiçîâàíà êîãíiòèâíî-êîìóíiêàòèâíî-ìîâíà ñèñòåìà, çäàòíà äî ñàìîîð-ãàíiçàöi¨òà ñàìîïîäiáíîãî ðîçâèòêó, äåòåðìiíîâàíà äèíàìiêîþ êîíñòðóþâàííÿ ñìèñëiâ, iäåé i ïåðåêîíàíü, âçà¹ìîäi¹þ êîìóíiêàíòiâ ó ïåâíèõ ñîöiàëüíî-êóëüòóðíèõ êîíòåêñòàõ òà ìàòåðiàëiçîâàíà ó âèãëÿäi âåðáàëüíèõ i íåâåðáàëüíèõ çíàêiâ. Âiäòàê, ñîöiàëüíî-ïðàãìàòè÷íèé àñïåêò äèñêóðñó ïåðåäáà÷๠áàãàòîðàçîâå ôðàêòàëüíå òèðàaeóâàííÿ éîãî ãðàôi÷íèõ óòiëåíü çà çáåðåaeåííÿ iäåíòè÷íîñòi ñìèñëó çàäëÿ ïîñèëåííÿ âïëèâó íà àäðåñàòà. Ïîêàçîâèì ¹ òå, ùî ôðàêòàëüíèé ïîòåíöiàë ¹ iìïóëüñîì äî òèðàaeóâàííÿ êîãíiòèâíèõ ñòðóêòóð ó äèñêóðñi. Ôðàêòàëüíèé àíàëiç çíà÷íî ñïðîùó¹ ïðîöåäóðó íàóêîâîãî ïiçíàííÿ â ëiíãâiñòèöi, äîçâîëÿ¹ ÷iòêî îêðåñëèòè ìàòåðiàëüíiñòü òà iíòåðïðåòîâàíiñòü äèñêóðñèâíî¨ñèñòåìè. Êëþ÷îâi ñëîâà: äèñêóðñ, ðåêóðñiÿ, ñàìîîðãàíiçàöiÿ, ñàìîïîäiáíiñòü, ñèñòåìà, ôðàêòàë A new research method in modern scientific linguistic studies xtlii tsenko Abstract. The focal topic of this paper is the discussion of a fractal perspective on the analysis of discourse in modern linguistic research. It is stated that the fractal method of analysis in discourse is the identication of self-similarity of its components for the sake of deeper scientic knowledge and the ability to predict the appearance of certain elements of the discursive system. Within this approach, discourse is dened as a multidimensional, fractally organized cognitive-communicative-linguistic system capable of self-organization and selfdevelopment, determined by the dynamics of the formation of meaning, ideas, and beliefs, by the interaction of communicants in certain socio-cultural contexts, and materialized in the form of verbal and nonverbal signs. Therefore, the social-pragmatic aspect of discourse involves multiple fractal replication of its graphic embodiments with preserving the identity of its meaning in order to increase the impact on the addressee. It is signicant that the fractal potential is an impulse to replicate cognitive structures in discourse. Fractal analysis greatly simplies the procedure of obtaining scientic knowledge in linguistics, allows you to clearly outline the materiality and interpretation nature of the discursive system.
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