Предмет. В предлагаемой статье описывается современная общемировая тенденция старения населения, проводятся демографические параллели между аналогичными процессами, происходящими в странах Евросоюза и в Российской Федерации. Авторами раскрываются возможные причины и особенности течения стоматологических заболеваний у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста, описываются клинические проявления заболеваний внутренних органов в полости рта. Указываются психологические сложности, возникающие в построении конструктивных взаимоотношений между пациентами пожилого возраста и медицинскими работниками. Детально описываются критерии оценки качества жизни пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста и проводится анализ возможных причин снижения качества их жизни. Цели. Комплексное авторское исследование особенностей изучения качества жизни у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста. Методология. В процессе изучения вопроса определения качества жизни пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста использовались методы логического и статистического анализа. Результаты. Российская тенденция старения населения является частью общемировой тенденции. Причины этого процесса кроются в экономических и социальных процессах, происходящих в нашей стране. Здоровье человека необходимо рассматривать как многогранное понятие, предполагающее физиологическое, психологическое благополучие и социальную адаптацию человека. У пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста проявление многих заболеваний органов и тканей рта связано как с естественными процессами старения организма, так и с наличием заболеваний внутренних органов. Несомненно, что совокупность имеющихся заболеваний снижает качество жизни пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста и способствует их социальной обособленности. Выводы. Сделан вывод, что анализ состояния стоматологического здоровья с точки зрения оценки качества жизни может помочь в решении многих вопросов организации стоматологической помощи населению пожилого и старческого возраста. Применяя критерии оценки качества жизни, можно не только улучшить здоровье рта, но и повысить качество оказания медицинской помощи и уровень благополучия пожилых людей.
Subject. One of the priority areas of modern scientific and practical medicine is the study of the quality of life of patients with a dental profile. Of particular interest for the study is a group of patients consisting of elderly people. In connection with the current global trend in the implementation of socially significant labor and pension reforms, the social indicator characterizing age is increasingly becoming a priority. Overcoming social stereotypes, older people tend to take an active civic position in modern society and such factors as the absence of toothache, open smile, happy laughter, free conversation, not clouded by bad breath, the possibility of taking your favorite food in a public place, etc. etc., actively contribute to this. A comprehensive study and correction of the quality of life of the elderly and senile people can contribute to the humane implementation of social reforms carried out both in Russia and around the world, which determined the purpose of this research work. This article provides an overview of statistical information characterizing the structure of orthopedic structures used for dental rehabilitation of elderly and senile patients, describes the results of our own studies to identify the relationships between quality of life indicators and types of defects in the dentition in the studied group of patients. Methodology. The study was conducted in the form of an observational longitudinal prospective study with a double survey of respondents. An alternative version of THE ORAL HEALTH IMPACT PROFILE, OHIP 14 questionnaire was chosen as a tool for studying quality of life. Results. It has been established that defects in the dentition have a significant effect on the quality of life of elderly and senile patients. Conclusions. The study of dental morbidity is the basis for the correction of the quality of life of the elderly and senile in order to increase social life expectancy.
Subject. This article provides a brief description of socially significant factors affecting the quality of life of elderly and senile patients who applied for dental care in the orthopedic profile at the municipal health care institution of the dental profile in Cheboksary. The criteria for assessing the quality of life and the laws of their manifestation in elderly patients of different social groups are listed. A quantitative and structural analysis of orthopedic structures used in the process of orthopedic dental treatment of the examined group of patients is given. One of the priority areas of modern scientific and practical dentistry is the study of the quality of life of patients with a dental profile. The quality of life of elderly and senile patients with a dental profile has not been adequately studied, while the study of this problem may underlie many problems of organizing dental care for this population group, which determined the purpose of this publication. Methodology. The study of the quality of life features of this group of patients was carried out in the form of a classic observational longitudinal prospective study with a double survey of respondents. As an optimal tool for studying the quality of life of patients with a dental profile, an alternative version of the specialized questionnaire “The degree of importance of dental health, 14” was chosen. Results. The analysis revealed patterns between the social affiliation of patients, the choice of the orthopedic design used as a denture, and the quality of life of the examined group of patients. Conclusions. The study revealed that older people who continue to work, live in families, have an average and high level of average monthly income, lead an active lifestyle, initially had higher quality of life than people who do not work, with a low income, lonely and forced to lead a passive lifestyle.
Long-living persons of our country are people who lived past 90 years of age. Their childhood, adolescence and youth passed during the years of the Second World War and the period of the country's reconstruction after it. The main task in providing qualified dental orthopedic care to patients of this age group should be ensuring an acceptable quality of life associated with dental health through making dental prosthetic structures that meet high functional and aesthetic requirements. The need for a deep comprehensive study of dental orthopedic morbidity, methods of dental orthopedic rehabilitation and improving the life quality of patients belonging to this age group determined the relevance and purpose of this study. Research material and methods. The object of the study was long-living persons, aged 90 years old and older, who sought dental orthopedic care in municipal healthcare institutions of Cheboksary, the Chuvash Republic. The sample size was 111 people. Results. It was found that the maximum number of patients in the age group of 90 years and older – 64 people (57.7%) – had completely absent teeth. The analysis of dentition defects by Kennedy classification showed that the maximum number of patients – 19 persons (17.1%) – had bounded edentuous spaces in the lateral parts of their dentition, a smaller number – 16 persons (14.4%) – had unilateral free-end saddle, 10 persons (9.0%) had bilateral free-end saddle and the minimum number of patients – 2 persons (1.8%) – had defects in the anterior part of the dentition. The analysis of dental prosthetic structures mounted in patients of "Centenarians" age showed that the volume of pin structures was 28.4%; artificial crowns – 36.0%; bridge prostheses – 11.6%; removable plate prostheses in partial loss of teeth – 8.0%; clasp prostheses – 2.5%; removable plate prostheses in complete loss of teeth – 13.5%. Conclusions. Patients-long-living persons made up the smallest group. The study of their dental orthopedic morbidity showed that completely absent dentition was most often diagnosed. It was in this age group of patients that the duration of dentition defects increased, according to Kennedy classification, which required more frequent use of removable orthopedic structures as dental orthopedic rehabilitation.
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