The purpose and objectives of the study: is to create an experimental model of a chemical burn of the esophagus with alkali to study the pathological transformation of the tissues of the upper gastrointestinal tract.Materials and methods. On the basis of the Department of Experimental Medicine with a vivarium of the Privolzhsky Research Medical University, the study of a chemical burn of the esophagus was carried out on 15 sexually mature male Wistar rats. The burn was simulated by exposure to caustic soda (NaOH) with a concentration of 20 %, 15 %, 10 % and 5 % in a volume of 1 ml. As part of the morphological study, the experimental material was fixed in 10 % formalin. After fixation, the preparations were sent to a standard histological wiring using an Excelsior ES apparatus (Thermo Scientific). Pouring into paraffin blocks using the “HistoStar” filling station (Thermo Scientific), staining with hematoxylin and eosin. For morphometric processing and creation of a video archive of the obtained material, a Leica 2500 microscope, ×4, ×10, ×20, ×40, objective, ×10 eyepiece based on the morphology department of NIITO PIMU was used.Results. Seeding with a 20 % alkali solution for animals turned out to be incompatible with life, since a day after the injection of the substance, 3 rats died, 2 were in an agonal state. Morphological examination revealed total necrosis (100 %) of the epithelial lining up to the muscle layer and partially in the muscle layer. When burned with a 15 % NaOH solution, the males were in a very serious condition, out of 5 inoculated in 2 cases, a lethal outcome was noted on the 1st day. Histological examination revealed massive necrosis (70 %) of the epithelial lining. The effect of 10 % alkali on the general condition of the animals did not show a pronounced severity of injury. Necrosis was diagnosed on 15 % of the area of the epithelial lining. A burn with 5 % sodium hydroxide solution did not provoke a severity incompatible with life. In this condition, focal necrosis was revealed, occupying about 5 % of the organ area.Conclusion. Seeds with 10 % and 5 % caustic solutions are relevant for further experimental research, since they make it possible to test different methods of diagnostics, treatment and prevention of scarring at different depths and morphological features of damage.
Целью обзорной статьи стал поиск ответа на кли-нически важный вопрос о механизмах регуляции активности репаративной регенерации в гипок-сических условиях и возможности воздействия на этот процесс. В исследованиях последних лет компенсированная гипоксия характеризуется как триггер, запускающий процессы регенерации, при этом центральным регулирующим фактором выступает цитокин HIF-1 (англ. hypoxia-inducible factor-1). Изменение концентрации этого протеи-на модулирует клеточную миграцию, ангиогенез и эпителиально-мезенхимальную интеграцию, стимулирует пролиферацию клеток эндотелия и фибробластов, играя основную роль в стиму-ляции заживления ран, особенно при исходно скомпрометированной микроциркуляции, на-пример, на фоне сахарного диабета. Орлинская Наталья Юрьевна -д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры патологической анатомии 2 В результате взаимодействия органа или ткани с внешней средой неизбежно воз-никают их повреждения, ответом на ко-торые становится регенерация -вос-становление анатомической целости органа или ткани после гибели структурных элементов. К частному случаю регенерации относится за-живление ран, представляющее собой слож-ный многоступенчатый процесс, требующий пространственно-структурной и временной ре-гуляции взаимодействия клеточных и внеклеточ-ных компонентов. При этом одним из ведущих факторов как в повреждении тканей, так и в про-цессе заживления ран выступает гипоксия.Целью настоящего обзора стал поиск ответа на клинически важный вопрос о механизмах регуля-ции активности репаративной регенерации в ги-поксических условиях и возможности воздействия Альманах клинической медицины. 2017 Декабрь; 45 (8): 674-680.
Xanthogranuomatous pyelonephritis (CP) is an aggressive form of interstitial nephritis, including purulentdestructive and proliferative processes in the kidney to form granulomatous tissue. The difficulty of diagnosis of CP, low illumination of this problem in the literature are the reason for the publication of even a single observation. The exact diagnosis of the disease can be established only with morphological examination and, as a rule, after surgical treatment. The clinical observation of the treatment of the child 15 years xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, inpatient Nizhny Novgorod regional children's teaching hospital. A boy M. at the age of 15 years entered the clinic of acute pyelonephritis (fever up to 38–39°С, abdominal pain and left side). From anamnesis it is known that at the age of one year the child was diagnosed with recurrent leukocyturia. Urological examination revealed hydronephrosis of the lower half of the double kidney on the left. At the age of 7 he was operated on (due to negative dynamics), reconstructive surgery was performed – prilohanochnaya pyeloplasty on the lower segment of the double kidney on the left. In the subsequent exacerbations of pyelonephritis was not. 6 years after hepatitis and kidney injury (contusion), there was a significant increase in dilation of the abdominal system of the lower segment of the left kidney with exacerbation of secondary pyelonephritis. According to intravenous urography, MSCT, MRI (performed to exclude Wilms tumor), the absence of the function of the lower segment of the kidney with a sharp increase in its size was determined. After the preoperative examination, the left kidney was examined, in which the signs of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (renal tissue of bright yellow color), lower left heminephroureterectomy were found, the Diagnosis was confirmed by morphological examination. In the postoperative period, a cyst of the lower pole of the kidney was formed, cured by percutaneous drainage, sclerosing under ultrasound control, followed by recovery. Thus, this clinical case demonstrates the complexity of the diagnosis of CP, which often occurs under the mask of a variety of diseases, including acute pyelonephritis and kidney tumors. Reliable diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is possible only with the help of histological examination of pathological tissues.
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