Background The aim of this study was to assess changes in skin microbiota of wrestlers during training sessions and to determine the sensitivity of hemolytic bacterial isolates to antiseptics. Methods The main skin bacterial isolates obtained from the skin of 15 wrestlers were identified by cultivation method, with the following MALDI Biotyper and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. The sensitivity of hemolytic isolates to antiseptics (Veltosept-2, Cutasept F, Chlorhexidine, Miramistin, and Hydrogen Peroxide) was evaluated by measuring the size of bacterial growth inhibition zone on agar plates. Results Opportunistic bacteria of the species Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus were the most commonly found species in skin microbiota of wrestlers before and after training sessions. Representatives of all these species mostly had a hemolytic activity. An alcohol-containing antiseptic Veltosept-2 showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the bacterial isolates of athletes' skin microbiota most frequently detected in this study. Conclusions The general increase in the bacterial colonization of wrestlers' skin, as well as the presence of hemolytic forms of opportunistic bacteria in cutaneous microbiota, indicates dysbiotic changes and a decrease in the protective features of the host organism. Veltosept-2 application can reduce the incidence of skin infections in contact sports athletes with the highest efficiency.

The aim is to reveal the features of microcirculation of athletes with various sport qualifications practicing cyclic endurance sports, as well as its dependence on the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) level and hematological parameters. Research materials and methods. The study involved athletes aged 18-22 practicing track-and-field (middle and long distances, from 1st rank to Master of Sports of the Russian Federation), swimming (middle distances, from 1st rank to Master of Sports of the Russian Federation), skiing (from 1st rank to Master of Sports of the Russian Federation), and non-athletes. We utilized a laser detection to record parameters of peripheral blood flow and tissue fluorescence amplitudes. Research results and discussion. We recorded significant difference in microcirculation parameters for skiers and field athletes. Skiers demonstrated a lower value of average perfusion, while field athletes showed its double predominance in contrast with skiers. At the same time, cooling of the studied area caused no difference between the studied groups. Heating of the studied area resulted in the statistically significant changes in microcirculation between groups of skiers in contrast with field athletes and swimmers, as well as swimmers, in contrast with field athletes and non-athletes. At the same time, the VEGF level had correlations with the microcirculation of field athletes, and it was recorded with the NADN parameter under the cooling (r = 0.89; p = 0.019) and heating (r = 0, 94; p = 0.005) conditions. Conclusion. We revealed the signs of long-term adaptation of peripheral blood flow of athletes conditioned by the type and conditions of sport activities. It results in difference in perfusion of the studied skin area.

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Abstract. The article presents the results of a study whose aim was to assess the prevalence of maladaptive eating behavior (MEB) among students of a sports university. Materials and methods: a survey was conducted among 768 students of the Volga region GUFKSiT using the "Eating Behavior Assessment Scale" (EBAS). Results. It has been established that only 41.11.78% of students of a sports university have no signs of MEB. The presence of deviations according to the subscales of the EBAS was revealed in 72.94.54% of wrestlers, 55.03.2% of sports games athletes, 57.84.59% of complex coordination sports athletes and 55.84, 23% athletes of cyclic sports and 59.43.71% of non-athletes. Conclusions. The use of EBAS made it possible to identify not only the clinical signs of MEB in students of a sports university, but also the psychological characteristics and behavioral stereotypes characteristic of people with MEB. Complex coordination sports athletes and wrestlers - a group of special risk for the development of MEB. Among athletes of team sports, as well as boys and girls of non-athletes, clinical symptoms of MEB are less common, but psychological characteristics and behavioral stereotypes typical of people with MEB are more often detected, which can be considered as a high predisposition to the development of MEB. EBAS can be used as a screening method for determining MEB at the prenosological stage, to identify groups of students at particular risk and develop targeted preventive measures, taking into account gender characteristics and the specifics of students' sports activities.

The article presents an overview of hygienic risk factors that affect the health of athletes. There were analyzed and ranked main risk factors for the health of athletes associated with physical culture and sports activities in 25 sports. During the research, 223 trainers were interviewed. As a result of the analysis, hygienic risk factors were concluded t0 be associated with microclimatic and other conditions in training and competition in halls/sports facilities are most often observed in cyclical sports (75.6%), sports games (63.3%), complex coordination sports (59.7%). Hygienic risk factors associated with compliance with personal hygiene, diet and drinking regimens are encountered in recreational sports (46.7%), martial arts (19.1%) and sports games (18.1%). Hygienic risk factors associated with sports equipment and inventory are more typical for recreational sports (40%), martial arts (32.8%) and hard-coordinated sports (28.6%).

Introduction: Air quality of the premises of a sports university determines comfort and effectiveness of the educational and training processes and can be considered as a risk factor for students’ health. The purpose of our study was to give a hygienic assessment of changes in the indoor CO2 concentration at a sports university during the school day. Materials and methods: Air quality measurements were taken in twelve classrooms, six lecture halls, three sports halls, and a gym. The subjective assessment of air quality in classrooms was analyzed using data of a questionnaire-based survey of 651 students. Results: We found that differences in the proportion of air samples with elevated CO2 concentrations between the rooms were insignificant and ranged from 32 ± 4.66 % to 41.33 ± 2.84 % in the cold season (CS) and from 42.33 ± 2.85 % to 49.33 ± 4.08 % in the warm season (WS). Average CO2 concentrations in non-standard samples were 1,132.11 ± 93.21 ppm and 1,124.98 ± 98.51 ppm in the cold and warm season, respectively. We established that in the cold season, indoor CO2 concentration exceeded the permissible limit in 100 % of the classrooms, 50 % of the lecture halls and the gym already by 3.40 p.m. (15:40); by the end of the school day, the excess was registered in 100 % of the university rooms. In the warm season, CO2 concentrations were above the limit in the gym and in 33.3% of the lecture halls by 1 p.m. (13:00), and by 3.40 p.m. the excess was observed in 100 % of the rooms examined. Subjective air quality assessments indicated that most students often complained about stuffiness in classrooms; 25.25 ± 1.2 % of the respondents mentioned a strong odor in sports halls and the gym. Conclusion: In a significant part of sports university rooms, CO2 concentrations did not exceed permissible values for more than 80 % of school hours. Yet, after the fourth double lesson, this air quality indicator went beyond the standard value, and by the end of the school day indoor concentrations of carbon dioxide were above the permissible limit in 100 % of the university rooms.

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of bacteriocenosis of wrestlers’ skin and to determine the sensitivity of staphylococcal microflora to bacteriophages. Methods and organization of the research. The experiment involved 15 athletes aged 17-21 years engaged in national wrestling and belt wrestling. Qualifications ranged from 1st adult rank to the master of sports. We used the method of microbiological seeding on yolk-salt agar (JSA) to analyze the washes from the intact skin of the medial part of forearms of wrestlers before and immediately after training. We identified the grown colonies of microorganisms using MALDI Microflex Biotyper mass-spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). In addition to the total microbial abundance, the frequency of occurrence of hemolytic forms of bacteria on wrestlers’ skin was determined before and after training. We determined the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to staphylococcal bacteriophage and polyvalent pyobacteriophage by the diameter of the bacteria lysis zone. Results and discussion. The research revealed the following facts. 1) S. aureus appears more often than other staphylococci on the skin of the medial part of wrestlers’ forearms both before and after training. 2) We detected high frequency of occurrence of hemolytic forms of Staphylococcus bacteria, which indicates the dysbiosis of wrestlers’ skin. 3) It is more efficient to use a staphylococcal bacteriophage than polyvalent pyobacteriophage for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of wrestlers’ skin caused by S. aureus. Conclusion. Athletes of contact sports demonstrate an increased risk of skin infectious diseases, and they need effective means of protection and prevention.

Aim to assess the body image perception and its influence on the development of maladaptive eating behavior (MEB) among students of a sports university. Material and methods. A survey was conducted among 768 students using a self-image questionnaire (SIQ) and an Eating Behavior Assessment Scale (EBAS). Results. 43.25.1% of sportswomen and 42.910.8% of sportsmen of complex coordination sports had a pronounced degree of appearance dissatisfaction (AD). The AD level was assessed as "slight dissatisfaction" in most students of other sports and non-athletes (in 50.96.7% of athletes of cyclic sports, 37.56.1% of wrestlers, 38.84.02% of sports games athletes (SGA), 38.2 6.5% of male non-athletes, 40.6 8.7% of female wrestlers). In 31.64.8% of the female SGA and in 31.74.2% women non-athletes we observed "moderate dissatisfaction". The AD level correlated with the presence of clinical manifestations of MEB (r=0.5, p0.001) and with the presence of psychological traits and behavioral stereotypes characteristic of people with MEB (r=0.279, p0.001). Conclusion. A distorted perception of one's own body, namely dissatisfaction with one's appearance, was related with the presence of the MEB symptoms in the students of the sports university. The self-image questionnaire (SIQ) can be used as a screening method to determine the risk group for developing MEB at the prenosological stage. The ranking of sports by the number of athletes with pronounced appearance dissatisfaction can be used to determine the order of development of targeted preventive measures, taking into account the specifics of the sport, the characteristics of the training process and competitive stages.