The article discusses the state of the cardiovascular system in children who have had COVID-19, depending on the severity of the course of the infectious process. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the case histories of 88 children of various ages who were hospitalized with a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in September-November 2020.There were 48 boys (54.6%), girls - 40 (45.4%). According to the classification, the examined children were divided into 4 groups: pre-preschool period (1-3 years) - 9 (10.2%), pre-school period (from 3 to 7 years) - 32 (36.4%), junior school period ( 7-11 years old) - 29 (32.9%) and senior school period (from 12 to 16 years old) - 18 (20.4%) . An analysis of the characteristics of the course of COVID-19 depending on the severity showed that the moderate and severe course of the disease mostly developed in boys (58.5 and 60.0%), the mild course was typical for girls (66.7%).
The aim of the study was to evaluate body sensitization by measuring antigen-binding lymphocytes specific to various antigens in children with chronic hepatitis B and intestinal giardiasis. The study of ASL was carried out in 126 children with CHB and 30 apparently healthy children aged 4 to 14 years. Among children with CHB, 93 had confirmed intestinal giardiasis (group I), and the remaining 33 were patients without lambliasis (group II). Sensitization and an autoimmune process were detected by assessing activity of specific immunity parameters such as ASL amount by indirect rosette formation against HBsAg, G. lamblia and intestinal tissue. We found that intensity of disease activity and ASL level against the examined antigens were paralleled evidencing about sensitization and autoimmune reactions related to giardiasis invasion in children with CHB. Depending on the duration of CHB with lamblial invasion ASL study data showed that prolonging disease duration resulted in lowered ASL to HBsAg peaking upon disease lasting up to 3 years. Apparently, it might be accounted for by body mobilization fighting against infection in general biological sense, and their further decline may occur due to host adaptation to increased antigenic load. The amount of ASL to the intestinal tissue was also somehow related with duration of the disease. The data obtained indicate increased self-sensitization along with increased duration of the disease. Similar data were obtained while studying amount of ASL to G. lamblia, thereby confirming a role of sensitization and self-sensitization in pathogenetic mechanisms of the developing CHB with giardial invasion especially during long-term course. Thus, the course of CHB with lambliasis invasion is accompanied by reaction of specific immune arm. Rise in amount of ASL to HBsAg, intestinal tissue and G. lamblia occurs along with deteriorating degree of disease activity and duration of hepatic disease suggesting about importance of sensitization and self-sensitization in pathogenesis of CHB development with giardiasis invasion, aggravating the course and outcome of the disease. The data reliability allows to conclude that giardiasis infection and prolongation of both hepatic pathological process and entire infectious process in children with CVH are directly interconnected. These data clearly underscore importance of timely eradication of G. lamblia upon liver damage. At the same time, administration of specific drugs (scheme) should be performed by taking into account its hepatotoxicity, bioavailability and effectiveness.
Currently, new insights into the general mechanisms of developing allergic diseases suggest that Th17 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis characterized by dominant production of cytokines IL-17A and IL-17F. Objective: to assess IL17A rs2275913 gene polymorphism in the Uzbek ethnic group and its linkage with development of allergic rhinitis. There were examined 83 patients with allergic rhinitis, among which 38 (46%) had intermittent form and 45 (54%) – with persistent disease form. In control group there were included 123 apparently healthy subjects. Genotyping of IL17A rs2275913 polymorphism was carried out by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time) “SNP-EXPRESS”-RV. While analyzing frequency distribution of the G and A alleles within the IL17A gene, it was found that the A allele dominated (38.7% vs 19.5%, respectively, χ2 = 15.9; p 0.05). The G/G genotype in the A/G IL17A gene polymorphism was much less abundant in AR patients compared to apparently healthy patients in control group. It was detected increased frequency of heterozygous G/A allele within the IL17A gene in AR patients vs. control group (56.9% vs 30.2%, respectively, χ2 = 11.9; p 0.05; OR = 3.1). While comparing the A/A genotype of the IL17A gene it was shown that its prevalence was significantly higher in AR patients compared to healthy subjects (14.1% vs 5.9%, respectively, χ2 = 4.6; p 0.05). Our findings demonstrated that the AA genotype in the IL17A rs2275913 gene is associated with developing AR in the Uzbek ethnic group. Such trait may be used as AR predictor, provide valuable information for design and implementation of pathogenetically justified methodological approaches to therapy and prevention of allergic rhinitis.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) represents a global healthcare challenge. Epidemiology data demonstrate that around 20% of all-age group subjects suffer from allergic rhinitis. Over the last decades, AR incidence and morbidity have been markedly increased due to poorly understood causes. For instance, in the last decade AR prevalence has been elevated by 2-fold in Uzbekistan. However, medical records related to AR prevalence based on patient visit rate infer that it is dozens of times lower than actual data and reflects in no way severity of the problem, but sufficient enough to outline its large-scale spread. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) requiring further development and adjustments represents one of the most promising approaches to treat allergic diseases. Some researchers note rise in respiratory tract allergic disease (AD) prevalence including caused by pollen allergens. Therapeutic interventions in this type of pathology emerging due to chronic inflammatory process mainly in airway mucosa are aimed at achieving good control over disease symptoms, lowering risk of subsequent exacerbations and preventing AD aggravation. IL-17 belongs to the Th17 cell-derived cytokines that was described relatively recently. IL17 genes encode six proteins (molecular weight 20-30 kDa), among which IL17A and IL17F display peak sequence homology and were studied in numerous cell types. IL-17 family proteins take part in various reactions of immune response being mainly secreted by Th17 cells. It was shown that immunological mechanisms particularly mediated by cytokines such as IL-17A involved in inflammation, regeneration and fibrogenesis are crucial in progression of diverse infectious diseases.
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