Insect pest control requires fundamental knowledge of their physiology and behavioral responses. However, due to the small size of insects, in general, and their sensory formations (sensilla), in particular, the study of the physiology of insect sensory systems has until recently been limited by insufficient accuracy and selectivity of experimental mechanical action. To eliminate this gap in the study of insects, a physical technology is proposed based on a micromechanical device - microtweezers based on a layered structural composite of Ti50Ni25Cu25 alloy with a shape memory effect (SME), combined with a temperature control system and a three-coordinate piezoelectric micropositioner. Microtweezers with SME selectively capture the smallest sensilla of the studied insects, enabling their precise mechanical stimulation with simultaneous recording of physiological responses generated by sensilla using methods of impulse derivation in the nerve centers of the insect.
Аморфно-кристаллический сплав квазибинарной системы TiNi—TiCu с содержанием меди 25 ат.% изготовлен методом быстрой закалки из жидкого состояния в виде тонких лент. Полностью аморфное состояние получали с помощью электрохимической полировки. Показано, что кристаллическая структура, полученная методом высокоскоростной электроимпульсной термообработки, значительно отличается от таковой, полученной методом изотермической термообработки. Кристаллизация исходной ленты сопровождается формированием столбчатых кристаллов от обеих поверхностей ленты и крупных кристаллов линзовидной формы в объеме ленты, при этом структура столбчатых кристаллов повторяет морфологию и текстурированность исходного кристаллического слоя. Уменьшение времени электроимпульсного воздействия до 1 мс приводит к росту доли столбчатых кристаллов, увеличению их высоты и уменьшению ширины. После кристаллизации аморфной ленты структура столбчатых кристаллов от обеих поверхностей имеет одинаковую кристаллографическую ориентацию.
Alloys of the quasi-binary TiNi – TiCu system with a copper content of 25, 30, 35, and 40 at. % were obtained by planar flow casting technique at a cooling rate of 10^6 K/s in the form of ribbons 30–50 μm thick and 10–20 mm wide. The structure and phase transformations in the alloys were studied using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that in the initial state, the alloys with 25 and 30 at.% Cu have an amorphous-crystalline structure, undergoing a one-stage polymorphic crystallization of the amorphous state on heating in a calorimeter with the formation of austenite B2 phase, which on cooling to room temperature proceeds to orthorhombic B19 phase due to the martensitic transformation. It is shown that the alloys with 35 and 40 at.% Cu at quenching become amorphous, and upon heating, two-stage crystallization occurs (primary and eutectic) with the formation of a two-phase structure - the tetragonal B11 (TiCu) phase with a small fraction of B2 phase. Moreover, an increase in the copper content leads to a decrease in the onset temperature of crystallization.
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