Data on chemical composition, biological value and safety are presented for muscle tissue and internal organs of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma caught in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea). The meat of рollock in any biological state has high protein content (15.5-16.8 %), low fat content (0.5-0.6 %), and low energy value (66-72 kcal./kg). The viscera of feeding pollock have in 25.0 % higher content of fat and in 3.5 % lower content of protein in compare with the spawning fish. Proteins in the pollock meat have more essential amino acids than a reference FAO/WHO protein and contain biologically active taurine and anserine, as well; the content of proteinogenic amino acids, taurine and anserine does not change in the process of storage. Lipids of the pollock viscera contain 37 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and 67.0 % of them are DHA (22:5) and EPA (20:50); content of these fatty acids in the lipids of pollock meat is even higher: 50 % and 86 %, respectively. The pollock caught at the coast of Primorye is safe by content of toxic elements and pesticides in its muscle tissue and internal organs.
Technologies for processing of bivalve mollusks are developed on the base of study of their physical, chemical, and technological properties and evaluation of the food and biological value. Bivalves in the coastal waters of the Japan Sea are very different by their size and chemical composition, but all of them are a source of full value protein, essential amino acids, and some substances with therapeutic effect. Biochemical and technological properties of the bivalves differ significantly from traditional fish raw materials. Boiled and salted products of them are distinguished by high rigidity because of the high protein content of connective tissue and its specific microstructure. However, consistency of bivalve products can be regulated by means of thermal and biochemical processing of the raw material. Comprehensive waste-free technology of the bivalves processing is presented for manufacturing of food and fodder products with high consumer properties. The bivalve mollusks from the coastal waters of Primorye are considered as safe for food on the basis of phytotoxins content in their soft tissues, radionuclides activity, and concentrations of toxic elements in their foot, mantle and liver.
Представлены данные по изменению физико-химических, органолептических показателей и качества разделанной и неразделанной мороженой мерценарии Стимпсона (Mercenaria stimpsoni) в процессе хранения. Показано, что масса съедобных частей тела (нога и мускул-замыкатель с аддуктором) зависит от возраста моллюска и составляет 12-16 %, а масса отходов (раковины и печень) -70-75 % общей массы. Мясо мерценарии независимо от района и сезона вылова относится к низкобелковому (8,5-9,8 %), маложирному (0,7-1,0 %), низкокалорийному (46-52 ккал) сырью. Нога и мантия содержат белки, в которых количество всех незаменимых аминокислот выше, чем в эталонном белке ФАО/ВОЗ, а также биологически активный таурин. В процессе хранения мороженой мерценарии концентрация протеиногенных аминокислот и таурина в тканях не изменяется. Мышечная ткань мерценарии отличается низким содержанием миофибриллярных и саркоплазматических белков и повышенным -белков соединительной ткани. При хранении мороженой мерценарии содержание солерастворимых белков снижается на 15-20 %, а денатурированных -повышается в 2,4 раза. Срок годности живой мерценарии при температуре 2-4 о С составляет 16 суток. Мерценария Стимпсона, выловленная у побережья южного и северного Приморья, по содержанию в мышечной ткани и печени токсичных элементов и радионуклидов является безопасной.
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