A total of 2120 nucleotide sequences of the NS5b region of HCV subtype 3a were analysed, including 310 strains derived from former republics of the USSR (Azerbaijan, Estonia, Lithuania, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan). Among the viral isolates collected from former regions of the Soviet Union, 294 strains formed 3 sustained phylogenetic clusters, with each having a common origin. Phylodynamic analysis demonstrated that the most recent common ancestors of the current strains inside the three clusters were introduced into the USSR population in 1981±1, 1984±2 and 1985±2, respectively (the confidence intervals were calculated using Student's t-distribution, P<0.05). The time estimation obtained for HCV subtype 3a correlated well with the historical and epidemiological context of this period, and in particular with the start of widespread injection drug use in the USSR in the first half of the 1980s.
In the Middle Volga region, alfalfa is the most widely used bean fodder. In recent years, one more bean crop is used -Fodder galega. The main disadvantage of almost all legumes is low sugar content and poor haylage making abilities. To eliminate this drawback, the biological product "Silostan" was developed. It is used as a preservative. The aim of the work is to study the effect of alfalfa and Fodder galega haylage made using the bio-preservative "Silostan" on milk production and quality of milk of black and white Samara cows. The use of Silostan increased the dry matter content by 5.2 and 4.5, ECEby 12.8 and 17.5%, and digestible proteinby 27.1 and 15,5%. The digestibility of dry matter increased by 3.85 and 4.38%, crude proteinby 5.68 and 5.42%, crude fatby 4.26 and 5.26%, crude fiber -by 3.86 and 4.07%. The use of haylage with bio-preservatives increased the yield of cows for 305 days of lactation by 14.6 and 16.5%. The MFF increased by 0.05 and 0.06%, MFPby 0.07 and 0.09%, respectively. The technological properties of milk improved, the milk consumption per 1 kg of ripened cheese decreased by 4.9 and 11.2%.
Work is devoted by studying of a technique of preparation for competitive activity of volleyball players of 14-15 years taking into account properties of attention. Continuous interactions of players with a ball and among themselves promote improvement of deep and peripheral sight, accuracy and orientation in space. Besides, the volleyball develops also instant switching of attention from one object on another, increases muscular feeling and ability to fast alternations of tension and relaxations of muscles, and also ability to focus attention on the most important point in various game situations. Research helped to define, what properties of attention are most developed at players of various roles and who demand improvement. Having introduced the technique including 38 psycho-technical games-exercises we drew a conclusion, they can be used as a development tool of properties of attention as by the end of research in experimental group the gain of indicators of properties of attention was observed.
The article studies the influence of the milk feeding method on the growth and development of calves. The object of research is newborn Samara black-motley calves. It was established that after drinking the first portion of colostrum, immunoglobulin appears in the blood of calves in 2 hours. Immunoglobulin enters the bloodstream in the first 12 hours of life. The highest content of immunoglobulin (23.40 mg/ml) was observed after 48 hours in case of free suckling. It exceeded that in peers fed manually by 6.7-8.9%. Depending on the feeding scheme and method, the heifers consumed 497.0-509.4 kg of milk for three months in case of manual feeding, 589.5 kg for two months in case of free suckling, and 540.3 kg in case of regulated suckling. The technology of milk feeding, the time spent with a mother, the amount of milk consumed had a significant impact on the health of calves. The degree of calf morbidity had a significant impact on the growth and development of young animals. As a result of a greater consumption of milk and large volumes of feed, heifers under regulated suckling had a larger live weight than their peers aged 18 months by 11.1% (P <0.001) (in comparison with the peers from group I), by 16.0% (P <0.001) (in comparison with the peers from group II), by 17.5% (P <0.001) (in comparison with the peers from group III), by 4.7% (P <0.05) (in comparison with the peers from group IV).
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