The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the genetic, coordination and subordination relations of the legal responsibility of the state with various elements of the legal system, as well as legal practice. The analysis of the current legislation and existing scientific approaches allowed the authors to conclude that there is a significant potential for studying the links between the institute of legal responsibility of the state and the need to take them into account in law-making and law enforcement. The article was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), project No. 19-011-00083 A «Legal Responsibility in the Mechanism of Ensuring National Security».
The object of this research is the legal liability relations aimed at countering current threat to national security in form of coronavirus infection. The authors review the amendments introduced to the legislation on administrative offenses and criminal legislation, which establish liability in the area of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of the population. Emphasis is placed on the fact that it resulted in a number of legal conflicts that have not been overcome through the ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and require legislative resolution. The article examines the practice of implementation of administrative enforcement measures in countering coronavirus infection, as well as the resulting competition for administrative, preventive, procedural, liability and protection measures. It is indicated that the high dynamics of threats to national security justifies the need for the development and legislative consolidation of the effective mechanism that would ensure national security. In this mechanism, a significant role is played by legal liability capacity, primarily such public law types as administrative and criminal liability. The research reveals that the rapid response of the legislator to the threat to national security in form of a novel coronavirus infection via reforming the institutions of administrative and criminal liability generated certain conflicts. They have not been resolved through the ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and require additional legislative attention. The authors substantiate that by acknowledging the role and importance of administrative and criminal liability within the mechanism of ensuring national security, it should be taken into account that they are means of post-unlawful response of the government. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the measures aimed at preventing and countering threats to national security, including those caused by coronavirus pandemic.
Аннотация. Исследование механизма обеспечения национальной безопасности позволило определить внутренние связи юридической ответственности как сложного образования, а также внешние связи с другими применяемыми правоохранительными средствами. Изменение угроз, которые обусловлены как противоправными деяниями, так и ростом числа аномалий с правовым содержанием, требуют перенастройки института юридической ответственности. В действующем законодательстве должен быть заблаговременно закреплен правоохранительный потенциал, позволяющий эффективно противодействовать существующим и потенциальным рискам в сфере национальной безопасности. The study of the mechanism for ensuring nationality made it possible to determine the internal links of legal responsibility as a complex entity, as well as external links with other applied law enforcement means. Changes in threats that are caused by both illegal acts and an increase in the number of anomalies with legal content require reconfiguring the institution of legal responsibili-
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