The main causative agents of lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and H. influenzae. In the last decade, gram-negative nonfermentative microorganisms (NFMO) - Вurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, fungi of the genus Aspergillus have acquired the clinical significance. It is found that the chronic lung infection in 2/3 of the cases caused by association of microorganisms. Among hospitalized patients, in contrast to outpatients, these associations are represented by two, three or more species of microorganisms. The associations of P. aeruginosa + S. aureus (18,2 %) and P. aeruginosa + Bcc (9,1 %) are the most common. Other representatives - A. xylosoxidans, S. maltophilia and A. baumanii - is often identified in the associations of microorganisms. The focuses of chronic lung infections are formed in patients with increasing age. The dominant pathogens are P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The methicillinresistant staphylococci and P. aeruginosa strains with a mucoid phenotype are of particular importance for cystic fibrosis patients. Bcc isolates from cystic fibrosis patients in Russia often belong to genomovar III A-B. cenocepacia. The Bcc strains colonize the lower airways of patients with CF and are able for long-term persistence and transmission from patient to patient. The resistance to many antibiotics is the main feature of the P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and Bcc strains. The strains of microorganisms with atypical phenotype (small colony variants) are formed under the action of the antibiotic. Infections caused by Bcc and other NFMO are difficult to identify and we need to use a wide range of bacteriological, biochemical, molecular biological techniques and mass spectrometry.
The authors analyze the indicators of physical development (body weight, body length, chest circumference) of Perm infants at the age from birth to 3 years old and show the rational percentile charts for the physical development of children at the age up for 3 years old assessment. The comparative analysis of physical development of infants in dynamics with the results of 1968 and 2010 examinations was performed. It was established that at present time the body length of infants at the age up for 3 years and the body weight of the infants at the age up for 6 months are higher than these characteristics at 1968.
Большинство острых респираторных инфек-ций протекает с воспалительными явления-ми со стороны слизистой оболочки глотки. Факторами риска их развития у детей следу-ет считать не только болезнетворные микро-организмы и воздействие внешней среды, но и иммунодефицитные состояния, проявляю-щиеся несформированностью системы неспе-цифической фагоцитарной защиты, незрелостью гуморального ответа в условиях формирования иммунологической памяти, сниженным синтезом интерферонов ␣ и ␥, обеспечивающих противо-вирусную защиту, высоким уровнем аллерголо-гической «настроенности» организма и сопро-вождающей этот период жизни выраженной недостаточностью местного иммунитета слизистых оболочек.Установлено, что первичное проникнове-ние бактерий в ротовую полость происходит при прохождении плода по родовым путям. Первоначальная микрофлора представлена лакто-, энтеро-, коринебактериями, стафилокок-ками и микрококками, но уже через 2-7 сут она практически полностью замещается на бак-терии, обитающие в ротовой полости матери и персонала родильного отделения [1]. Однако полиморфизм бактериальной обсемененности слизистой оболочки глотки не дает оснований
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