Our initial experience demonstrates comparable short-term results for taTME and lap TME. Further investigation is necessary to assess long-term functional and oncologic outcomes.

Background. A new strategy of breast cancer management is required for effective disease prevention and control. Immunotherapy is one of promising options.Objective: to evaluate the effect of immunoadjuvant polyoxidonium on pathmorphological changes in breast tumors.Materials and methods. The study was performed in 75 patients with breast cancer: 50 patients received polyoxidonium in a neoadjuvant regimen (main group), 25 patients did not receive polyoxidonium (control group). Polyoxidonium at a dose of 12 mg was administered intramuscularly 1 time per day on the days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 before surgery; on the day 8, radical mastectomy was performed in patients of both groups, followed by histological examination and determination of the grade of therapeutic pathomorphosis of the tumor.Results. The proportion of cases with grade I therapeutic pathomorphosis was 58 %, grade II therapeutic pathomorphosis – 6 %. Pathomorphosis in metastatic lymph nodes was observed in 22.7 % of cases.Conclusion. The anti-tumor effect of polyoxidonium was confirmed on the basis of the induction of pathomorphosis of the tumor tissue of breast cancer.

Introduction. The main reason for enucleation of the eye when attempting organ-preserving treatment are intraocular tumors that do not respond well to chemotherapy.Purpose. The aim of the study was to find new effective and safe organ-preserving methods of treatment of intraocular refractory and recurrent retinoblastoma (RB).Materials and methods. The study included female chinchilla rabbits. The cell line of human RB was intravitreally inserted into the right eye of each animal. The left eye was a control. After obtaining a stable intraocular growth of RB and prolongation of the growth of RB, human cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) were intravitreally injected into the affected and control eye K1 at a concentration of 1 × 106 in 0.1 ml suspension and K2 – 5 × 106 in 0.1 ml, respectively.Results. Histological examination of the removed right eyes in animals confirmed the presence of nodal growth of malignant small-cell tumor on the border of the vascular and retinal membranes (epicenter in the choroid) on the posterior wall of the eye. There was scant lymphoid infiltration, without signs of therapeutic pathomorphosis. In the removed animal»s left eyes there is a preservation of histological structures of the eyeball, without dystrophic changes in the cells of the retina and vascular membranes. In the area of limb unit microcap lymphohistiocytic infiltration (with no elements of the tumor). In the choroid single scattered lymphocytes.Conclusion. A short period of observation of the tumor did not allow conclusions about the effectiveness of CTL, but the concentrations of CTL used in the experiment did not lead to dystrophic changes in retinal cells and the choroid of the eye, which is an important factor in overcoming the toxicity of the proposed adoptive immunotherapy. At the next stage of the experiment, in our opinion, it is necessary to study in more detail the cytotoxic effect on healthy structures of the eye and the effectiveness of CTL in a larger number of affected rabbit eyes, using their different concentrations and multiplicity of administration.

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Gastric cancer remains one of the most common malignancies in Russia. Despite steady decrease of gastric cancer incidence it still reaches 24.65 per 100 000 population (crude rate) in 2019 with about 36 000 new cases annually. More than 29 000 people die of gastric cancer every year. High mortality rate is mostly caused by an extremely significant proportion of patients with metastatic disease which reached 40.1% in 2019. The majority of cases is related to Helicobacter pylori infection, salty diet, tobacco exposure as well as hereditary syndromes. Staging of locally advanced gastric cancer includes contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the thorax, abdomen and pelvis as well as diagnostic laparoscopy with peritoneal washings. In patients with inoperable or disseminated cancer of the stomach additional analysis for HER2, microsatellite instability and PD-L1 status is recommended. Endoscopic or laparoscopic resection remains the mainstay of treatment in patients with early cancer. Laparoscopic gastrectomy in patients with locally advanced cancer is reserved for high-volume centers with extensive experience with the procedure. Recently, perioperative cytotoxic therapy became the standard of treatment in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. FLOT regimen is recommended while FOLFOX6 or XELOX are considered possible in the elderly or frail patients. Drug therapy includes standard doublet or triplet chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease with trastuzumab for HER2(+++) patients. Patients with MSI-H tumors can be treated with pembrolizumab starting with 2nd line while nivolumab is reserved for the 3rd and further lines regardless of PD-L1 status. Importantly, this year guidelines include multimodal prehabilitation including physical exercise, nutritional support and psychological counselling as a possibility in all patients in need of surgery. Also standardized enhanced recovery protocols are recommended for usage during the perioperative period.