The subject of this research is the content and form of preservation and conveyance of traditional culture as the key marker of ethnic identity of the Circumpolar peoples. The article provides the results of field research conducted in 2020 in the Anabar National (Dolgan-Evenki) Ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), particularly of the rural locality Yuryung-Khaya, which is the only settlement in Yakutia populated mostly by Dolgans. Cultural landscape of this region, which includes ethnic and linguistic cultures of Dolgans, Evenks, Evens, Nganasans, Enets, and Nenets is characterized by mutual influence of longtime ethnocultural contacts and their reflection in the cultural traditions. Analysis of the results of sociological survey demonstrates that the majority of respondents (60.2%) believe that the choice of nationality is determined by culture and traditions, native language (26.9%), history and territory (10.4%). The results of quantitative and qualitative sociological research (questionnaire, unstructured interview, psycholinguistic experiments), as well as the analysis of modern scientific studies, allow concluding on the leading positions of culture and traditions as the fundamental identifiers of ethnicity, and determinant role of traditional economic and cultural types of activity in the process of ethnic self-identification of the indigenous peoples.
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