The paper deals with populism as the phenomenon of political culture in Ukrainian context. The President Election in Ukraine, 2019, has opened the new page in the development of populism not only in Ukraine, but in the world in general. Before that, no political force had won in such a persuasive way. Political analysis and prognoses, proclaimed before the election, look weak today. The paper outlines that populism is homological to democratic foundations of public life, but hypertrophied and unbalanced. It upraises as the reaction on social crisis and challenge to the stable way of life in the presence of political disturbance in different social segments and is connected with the appearance the political leader who uses specific logics of articulation of messages, the shape and the way of their representations to get and keep the political power. Such messages concern the people, like the appeal to it as to the certain integrity; the immediacy of its perception; the adjustment to its demands; the simplification of its view on the public life up to the black and white tones; the offer of the simple and unambiguous decisions. Populism as the phenomenon of political culture provokes the spectrum of ethical problems. Among them such as: manipulation of concepts of the people's internal homogeneity, integrity and moral purity; opposition of the "people" and the "elite" in the terms of good and evil; active use of moral demagogy and the practice of opportunism; cohesion of business and the state, corruption, nepotism; destruction of public spirit; activation of ressentiment and so on. Today S. Žižek mentions culturalization of politics, and many scholars outline correlation of processes in culture and arts and in politics. Also they call contemporary form of populism as postmodern populism. Independent Ukraine is very sensitive to populist challenges. Here postmodern populism and its technologies of the games with reality have won the victory. It is not only the source of new political experience. It creates new political culture here and now, that demands from scholars to comprehend these processes in real time mode. Postmodern populism does not leave the hope for catharsis, for social stress relief. Soaked in laughter, contemporary political culture is ridicule, and it destroys the political space. Sense of unreality and futile strengthens the comprehension of the impossibility to change such order of things on the due one.
Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка.Філософські науки. Вип. 2 (86) 72Ключові слова: символічне виробництво та обмін, символічний капітал, неутилітарні цінності, інтелектуальні практики, концепт ʺморально неприпустимеʺ, університетський викладач, соціальна активність, країни Східної та Центральної ЄвропиThe article deals with the interconnection between pragmatic and axiological dimensions of intellectual practices of contemporary university, practice of a university intellectual in conditions of contemporary university mission in Europe, in particular. The author analyzes the content of morally unacceptable in a university teacher activity within current symbolic production and exchange and criteria for their defining. Morally unacceptable is defined as the threshold created by conscience. Conscience of an intellectual outlines the measure which is impossible to overcome in any circumstances, disregarding any provocative factors. These factors are defined in the paper. Among external factors are: direction on public requests and underfunding of higher education. In practice these factors turn into the neglect of humanities component in education, demand on indulgent attitude of avaluation, redundancy of research component in education process, involvement of university teachers into educative services aggressive marketing campaigns and so on. Internal professional factors are conditioned by external tendencies and mean destruction of prestige of teaching, reduction of a role of a university teacher as an authoritative source of knowledge, experience and skillfulness at the ground of quick access to technically perfect sources of information. These factors change pragmatic and axiological core of the university symbolic capital where a demand to university teacher to be the source of authentic knowledge in teaching and shaping of social elite (technical, academic and artistic) was a traditional one. The paper defines that in such circumstances the role of conscience and moral choice of an intellectual is increased. It is conscience that can force a university intellectual to refuse unacceptable. The content of morally unacceptable is defined personally by everyone according to personal comprehension of the symbolic capital axiological core.
The paper by Sergiy Kurbatov and Mariya Rohozha “The Mission of University in the Western European Culture”(Part II) is devoted to the analyses of transformation of the university as social institution and cultural phenomenon in our time, which we started at the first part of this paper, that was published in “Philosophy of Education”, 2017, № 2 (21)). If the previous paper of these authors included a long chronological period from the origin of the university in late Medieval time up to the 20th century, the current paper is concentrated on analyses of radical challenges, that university faced at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. For example, such popular in contemporary English language literature concept as the end (or the death) of university is observed. The authors tried to analyze sociological attempts to measure the main university activities in the form of international university rankings and the possibilities to develop in Ukraine the ideal models of university, which any system of university rankings have. The special stress was made on the influence of COVID 19 pandemic on transformative processes and institutional development of universities in the nearest future. The main challenges of the 21st century are crucial for the university, because this institution lost monopoly of producing and distribution of advanced knowledge for the first time in history. From the tactic viewpoint, university is less competitive than the different training programs and online courses, it is too conservative and bureaucratic one. But the authors think that in strategic perspective university has a chance for renovation, proving the old maxima that the values and spiritual dimensions of being and the relevant environment are crucial for human being. Almost the millennium of university history proves its ability to pass through the dramatic historical transformation and to continue to maintain its essence.
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