Максимальное диспергирование капель модельных нефтепродуктов в присутствии микроорганизмов Rhodococcus erythropolis X5 и гуминовых кислот сфагнового верхового торфа, а также микроорганизмов Rhodococcus erythropolis S67 и гуминовых кислот тростникового низинного торфа. Проведенный экспресс-тест доказал, что уменьшение пленки нефтепродуктов может быть использовано для проверки диспергирующей способности микроорганизмов Rhodococcus X5 или S67 и молекул гуминовых кислот. Установлено, что биокомпозиция на основе гуминовых кислот и микроорганизмов-нефтедеструкторов рода Rhodococcus способна адсорбироваться на границе раздела нефть-вода, переводя нефть в водную толщу, где она разлагается микроорганизмами-нефтедеструкторами. Maximum dispersion of droplets of model petroleum products has been observed in the presence of microorganisms Rhodococcus erythropolis X5 and humic substances of sphagnum high-moor peat, and microorganisms Rhodococcus erythropolis S67 and humic substances of reed fen peat. The express test proved that the reduction of the oil sheen can be used to the test the dispersing ability of microorganisms Rhodococcus X5 or S67 and humic substances. It has been established that a biocomposition based on humic substances and oil degrading microorganisms of the genus Rhodococcus is capable of adsorbing at the oil-water interface, transferring oil into the water column, where it is decomposed by oil degrading microorganisms.
Определена эмульгирующая способность биокомпозиций на основе гуминовых кислот и микроорганизмов-нефтедеструкторов рода Rhodococcus по отношению к нефти: качественный анализ нефтяных пленок показал, что максимальной нефтеутилизирующей способностью не зависимо от условий абиотического стресса (повышенной солености среды и пониженной температуры) обладают биокомпозиции на основе гуминовых кислот сфагнового верхового торфа + бактерии и гуминовых кислот тростникового низинного торфа + бактерии . Установлено, что высокая степень биодеградации нефти при добавлении суспензии биокомпозиций объясняется механизмом двойного действия бактерий-нефтедеструкторов и гуминовых кислот в условиях нефтезагрязнения: бактерии окисляют нефтепродукты, растворяя их или эмульгируя посредством выделения биосурфактантов. Гуминовые кислоты же являются эффективными стабилизирующими агентами по отношению к нефтепродуктам и, кроме того, являются субстратом для роста внесенных штаммов микроорганизмов. The emulsifying ability of biocompositions based on peats humic acids and oil-degrading microorganisms of the genus Rhodococcus in the relation to oil was determined: a qualitative analysis of oil films showed that biocompositions based on humic acids of sphagnum highmoor peat + bacteria Rh. erythropolis X5 and humic acids of reed fen peat + bacteria Rh. erythropolis S67 have the maximum oil-utilizing capacity, regardless of the conditions of abiotic stress (increased salinity of the environment and low temperature). It has been established that the high degree of oil biodegradation upon the addition of a suspension of biocompositions is explained by the mechanism of the double action of oil-degrading bacteria and humic acids under conditions of oil pollution: bacteria oxidize oil products, dissolving them or emulsifying them through the release of biosurfactants. Humic acids are effective stabilizing agents in relation to petroleum products and, in addition, are a substrate for the growth of introduced strains of microorganisms.
The use of nature-like technologies, leading to acceleration of the processes of natural destruction of pollutants, is one of the promising directions for oil and petroleum product degradation in the environment. The joint use of oil-degrading bacteria and natural polymers with the properties of surfactants and humic acids (HAs) in bioorganic compositions is effective. In this study, humic acids from reed peat, which have a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.6 g/L, were used as an organic component. Oil-degrading bacteria of the genera Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas, which have an increased biodegrading ability in relation to crude oil and waste engine oil, were used as a bacterial component. Mono- and polybacterial bioorganic compositions based on these components are proposed. The emulsification index is maximum (94% ± 2%) using a bioorganic composition based on the association of strains of three bacteria. Analysis of films of model petroleum products in vitro showed a high degree of their destruction after 7 days using monobacterial bioorganic compositions (up to 80%) and after 2 days using a bioorganic composition based on 3 strains (almost 90%). A high ability to stabilize emulsions of humic acids and develop bioorganic compositions has been established, which indicates a significant potential for their use for cleaning the environment from oil pollution. The use of a combination of humic acids and oil-degrading bacteria (all strains) makes it possible to achieve the maximum stabilizing effect of emulsions: the transmission coefficients of emulsions are 37–75% lower relative to control (oil-polluted water) and 50% lower in relation to humic acids.
Изучено влияние микроорганизмов рода Rhodococcus на стабилизирующую способность гуминовых веществ торфов по отношению к углеводородам нефти. Установлено, что наиболее стабильными являются водные эмульсии гексадекана и нефти в присутствии микроорганизмов Rhodococcus erythropolis S67 и гуминовые вещества тростникового низинного торфа, а по отношению к водной эмульсии дизельного топлива - гуминовые вещества сфагнового верхового торфа и Rhodococcus erythropolis Х5. Доказано, что полученная биокомпозиция на основе гуминовых веществ торфов и микроорганизмов рода Rhodococcus способна стабилизировать эмульсии углеводородов нефти в воде за счет связывания их гуминовыми веществами торфов в нетоксичные комплексы. The effect of microorganisms of the genus Rhodococcus on the stabilization ability of humic substances of peats in the relation to oil hydrocarbons was studied. It was found that the most stable aqueous emulsions of hexadecane and oil in the presence of microorganisms Rhodococcus erythropolis S67 and humic substances of reed fen peat and emulsion in the relation to fuel - humic substances of sphagnum high-moor peat and Rhodococcus erythropolis X5 . It is proved that the obtained biocomposition based on humic substances of peats and microorganisms of the genus Rhodococcus is able to stabilize emulsions of oil hydrocarbons in water by binding them with humic substances of peat to non-toxic complexes.
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