Introduction. The function of the masticatory apparatus is complete when the dentition is intact with contact between the individual teeth and proper occlusion with the antagonists. For years, occlusal contacts have been studied to determine their exact location and describing various materials and methods for their registration such as paper foil, silk, and Shimstock foil. For years, occlusal contacts have been studied to determine their exact location and describe various materials and methods for their registration such as paper foil, silk, shim stock foil, the T-Scan system, and more recently the OccluSense system. The primary aim of the study was at evaluating which of the occlusal indicators is the most commonly used in practice, and the secondary aim was whether dentists are willing to use digital methods to examine occlusion. Materials and Methods. The main primary information of the survey was collected by sending electronically anonymous questionnaires to 2014 dentists, randomly selected from all regions of the country. 228 questionnaires were filled in and returned. To achieve the goal of the study, the self-developed questionnaire was created and tested to survey the opinion about the use of occlusal indicators in dental practice. Each questionnaire contains questions about the sociodemographic and professional status of the people in the group and their opinion about the positives and negatives and the effectiveness of occlusal indicators. Results. The obtained results confirm the statement that the most frequently used occlusal indicator in dental practice is the articulation paper. Articulation foil and silk are used less frequently than articulation paper. Of the listed quality indicators, Shimstock foil is rarely used in practice. Of the indicated quantitative indicators, the T-Scan system is more used than the OccluSense system. In the era of rapid technology development, the opinion and desire of dentists to increasingly want to introduce in their clinical practice quantitative methods are the digital diagnosis of occlusion. Conclusion. In any dental practice, if technically possible, digital methods would be used, giving more accurate and reliable data on the registered occlusal contacts.
Research background: Risk is an integral part of the world of financial markets today. One of the best known and widespread methods of quantifying the risk of a securities portfolio is the concept of value at risk (VaR). The method quantifies the maximum possible loss of a securities portfolio for specific variables. We used the work of Carol Alexander as a basis for our contribution, whence we borrowed mathematical formulas and derivatives of normal linear VaR and VaR scaling. Purpose of the article: The aim of this study is to design our own method of using the VaR calculation in the trading process and to practically verify the explanatory power of such calculation. To meet this goal, we used our own designed and adjusted formulas to calculate normal linear VaR and scaling VaR. Methods: The purpose of these adjusted formulas is to calculate specific levels of significance of specific scenarios of the course of trading positions, which represent the probability of their occurrence. Subsequently, we used regression analysis and constructed two regression models to verify that the significance levels themselves were significant variables, and that they could explain the variability of the explanatory variable to such an extent that they could be considered as strong predictors in the trading process. Findings & Value added: Based on such research, we find that the resulting levels of significance of our proposed VaR calculation formulas are significant. Based on the compiled regression models, we also find that the dependence we identified is a strong one and can therefore be considered as systematic. Nevertheless, the materiality levels could explain only a small proportion of the variability of the variable being explained, and therefore could not be considered as strong predictors and thus involved in the trading process itself.
The main aim of this study is to present the results from a study of the relationship between personality types described by C. G. Jung and emotional intelligence. The investigated subjects were 150 at the age of 18 – 50. The methods of research were MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) - Bulgarian adaptation (Rusinova, 1992) and one psychological questionnaire measuring emotional intelligence -Bulgarian adaptation (Stoyanova, 2008). The received data indicated that the functions of thinking and sensing, and introversion correlated inversely with the factors of emotional intelligence “Sharing emotions and empathy”, “Motivation to overcome difficulties and optimisms” and extroversion correlated proportionally with them. The function feeling correlated proportionally with the factor “Sharing emotions and empathy” and it correlated inversely with the factor “Recognition of nonverbal expression of emotion of the other people”
LPD from Taiwan health care payer's perspective. Methods: A Markov was designed to simulate outcomes of two options in a hypothetical cohort of adult CKD patients with eGFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73m 2 : (1) Initiation of LPD plus KA, and (2) watchful-waiting on LPD and initiation of KA at eGFR < 15 mL/min/1.73m 2 . The Markov states included CKD stage 4 and 5, hemodialysis, and death. Total direct medical cost and qualityadjusted life-years (QALYs) gained were calculated over a maximum period of 10 years. Model inputs were derived from literature. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the impact of uncertainty in all model variables. Results: In base-case analysis, early KA initiation group (3.926 QALYs and USD548,191) gained higher QALYs and cost less than the watchful-waiting group (3.787 QALYs and USD887,608) (USD1= NTD30). Sensitivity analysis indicated that early KA initiation at eGFR at 17-29 mL/min/1.73m 2 would be the preferred cost-effective option if reduction of eGFR decline associated with LPD plus KA was 4% or above. When KA was initiated at eGFR 15-17 mL/min/1.73m 2 , it would remain cost-effective if the reduction of eGFR decline associated with LPD plus KA was 13.5% or above. 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations showed early KA initiation group to be less costly with higher QALY gained than watchful-waiting group by USD333,655 (95% CI 332,174-335,137) and 0.160 (95% CI 0.140-0.180) QALYs, respectively. ConClusions: KA Initiation with LPD in CKD patients as early as eGFR 15-29 mL/min/1.73m 2 seems to be cost-effective in Taiwan.
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